An algal photoenzyme converts fatty acids to hydrocarbons
Damien Sorigué,Bertrand Légeret,Stéphan Cuiné,Stéphanie Blangy,Solène L. Y. Moulin,Emmanuelle Billon,Pierre Richaud,Sabine Brugière,Yohann Couté,Didier Nurizzo,Pavel Müller,Klaus Brettel,David Pignol,Pascal Arnoux,Yonghua Li-Beisson,Gilles Peltier,Fred Beisson +16 more
TLDR
It is shown that the microalga Chlorella variabilis NC64A harbors a photoenzyme that acts in lipid metabolism that may be useful in light-driven, bio-based production of hydrocarbons, which is named fatty acid photodecarboxylase.Abstract:
Although many organisms capture or respond to sunlight, few enzymes are known to be driven by light. Among these are DNA photolyases and the photosynthetic reaction centers. Here, we show that the microalga Chlorella variabilis NC64A harbors a photoenzyme that acts in lipid metabolism. This enzyme belongs to an algae-specific clade of the glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase family and catalyzes the decarboxylation of free fatty acids to n-alkanes or -alkenes in response to blue light. Crystal structure of the protein reveals a fatty acid–binding site in a hydrophobic tunnel leading to the light-capturing flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor. The decarboxylation is initiated through electron abstraction from the fatty acid by the photoexcited FAD with a quantum yield >80%. This photoenzyme, which we name fatty acid photodecarboxylase, may be useful in light-driven, bio-based production of hydrocarbons.read more
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Engineering new catalytic activities in enzymes
Kai Chen,Frances H. Arnold +1 more
TL;DR: This Review outlines the ways that enzymes have been engineered to achieve reactivities well beyond their original functions and identifies genetically encoded catalysts that can be tuned and diversified by engineering the protein sequence.
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Opportunities and challenges for combining chemo- and biocatalysis
Florian Rudroff,Marko D. Mihovilovic,Harald Gröger,Radka Snajdrova,Hans Iding,Uwe T. Bornscheuer +5 more
TL;DR: This Review focuses on efforts to combine chemo- and biocatalysts, outlining the opportunities achievable by this approach and also efforts to overcome any incompatibilities between these different systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Photoexcitation of flavoenzymes enables a stereoselective radical cyclization
Kyle F. Biegasiewicz,Simon J. Cooper,Xin Gao,Daniel G. Oblinsky,Ji Hye Kim,Samuel E. Garfinkle,Leo A. Joyce,Braddock A. Sandoval,Gregory D. Scholes,Todd K. Hyster +9 more
TL;DR: It is found that photoexcitation of flavin-dependent “ene”-reductases changes their catalytic function, enabling these enzymes to promote an asymmetric radical cyclization, furnished a previously unknown biocatalytic reaction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Photo-Biocatalysis: Biotransformations in the Presence of Light
Luca Schmermund,Valentina Jurkaš,Fatma Feyza Özgen,Giovanni Davide Barone,Hanna C. Büchsenschütz,Christoph K. Winkler,Sandy Schmidt,Robert Kourist,Wolfgang Kroutil +8 more
TL;DR: An overview of the various approaches for using light in biocatalysis is given and enzymes with a light switchable moiety have been investigated to turn off/on or tune the actual reaction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Blue-Light Receptors for Optogenetics.
TL;DR: UV/blue-light-sensitive photoreceptors have particularly allowed optogenetics to transcend its initial neuroscience applications by unlocking numerous additional cellular processes and parameters for optogenetic intervention, including gene expression, DNA recombination, subcellular localization, cytoskeleton dynamics, intracellular protein stability, signal transduction cascades, apoptosis, and enzyme activity.
References
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Phenix - a comprehensive python-based system for macromolecular structure solution
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