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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Anti-Inflammatory Small Molecules To Treat Seizures and Epilepsy: From Bench to Bedside

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TLDR
Preclinical studies provide new insights into the regulation of inflammation in epileptic brains and guide drug discovery efforts aimed at developing novel anti-inflammatory therapies for seizures and epilepsy.
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This article is published in Trends in Pharmacological Sciences.The article was published on 2016-06-01 and is currently open access. It has received 149 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Epilepsy & Epileptogenesis.

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Inflammation in CNS neurodegenerative diseases.

TL;DR: A better understanding of neuroimmune interactions during development and disease will be key to further manipulating these responses and the development of effective therapies to improve quality of life, and reduce the impact of neuroinflammatory and degenerative diseases.
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Caspase-1 inhibition prevents glial inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in models of multiple sclerosis

TL;DR: Molecular evidence is reported for GSDMD-mediated inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in both myeloid cells and myelin-forming oligodendrocytes in the CNS of patients with MS and in the MS animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
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Commonalities in epileptogenic processes from different acute brain insults: Do they translate?

TL;DR: The identification of impending epilepsy biomarkers to allow better patient selection, together with better alignment with multisite preclinical trials in animal models, should guide the clinical testing of new hypotheses for epileptogenesis and its prevention.
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The vicious circle of hypometabolism in neurodegenerative diseases: Ways and mechanisms of metabolic correction.

TL;DR: Results from Published and preliminary experimental results on this approach for treating Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy models support the efficacy of metabolic correction, confirming the highly promising nature of the strategy.
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Cyclooxygenase-2 in glioblastoma multiforme.

TL;DR: Current understanding of COX-2 in GBM proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression is highlighted by focusing on recent in vitro and in vivo experimental data.
References
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The NOX Family of ROS-Generating NADPH Oxidases: Physiology and Pathophysiology

TL;DR: This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the functions of NOX enzymes in physiology and pathology.
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Oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases: a review of upstream and downstream antioxidant therapeutic options.

TL;DR: Recognition of upstream and downstream antioxidant therapy to oxidative stress has been proved an effective tool in alteration of any neuronal damage as well as free radical scavenging.
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The role of inflammation in epilepsy

TL;DR: This work focuses on the rapidly growing body of evidence that supports the involvement of inflammatory mediators—released by brain cells and peripheral immune cells—in both the origin of individual seizures and the epileptogenic process.
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Interleukin-1β Enhances NMDA Receptor-Mediated Intracellular Calcium Increase through Activation of the Src Family of Kinases

TL;DR: The data suggest that IL-1β increases NMDA receptor function through activation of tyrosine kinases and subsequent NR2A/B subunit phosphorylation, which may contribute to glutamate-mediated neurodegeneration.
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