The NOX Family of ROS-Generating NADPH Oxidases: Physiology and Pathophysiology
Karen Bedard,Karl-Heinz Krause +1 more
TLDR
This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the functions of NOX enzymes in physiology and pathology.Abstract:
For a long time, superoxide generation by an NADPH oxidase was considered as an oddity only found in professional phagocytes. Over the last years, six homologs of the cytochrome subunit of the phag...read more
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Reactive oxygen species, cellular redox systems and apoptosis
Magdalena L. Circu,Tak Yee Aw +1 more
TL;DR: A full understanding of the redox control of apoptotic initiation and execution could underpin the development of therapeutic interventions targeted at oxidative stress-associated disorders.
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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as pleiotropic physiological signalling agents.
Helmut Sies,Dean P. Jones +1 more
TL;DR: This work focuses on ROS at physiological levels and their central role in redox signalling via different post-translational modifications, denoted as ‘oxidative eustress’.
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Oxidative Stress: An Essential Factor in the Pathogenesis of Gastrointestinal Mucosal Diseases
Asima Bhattacharyya,Asima Bhattacharyya,Asima Bhattacharyya,Ranajoy Chattopadhyay,Ranajoy Chattopadhyay,Ranajoy Chattopadhyay,Sankar Mitra,Sheila E. Crowe,Sheila E. Crowe,Sheila E. Crowe +9 more
TL;DR: Unraveling the signaling events initiated at the cellular level by oxidative free radicals as well as the physiological responses to such stress is important to better understand disease pathogenesis and to develop new therapies to manage a variety of conditions for which current therapies are not always sufficient.
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Chemistry and biology of reactive oxygen species in signaling or stress responses
TL;DR: This Perspective provides a focused discussion on what factors lead ROS molecules to become signal and/or stress agents, highlighting how increasing knowledge of the underlying chemistry of ROS can lead to advances in understanding their disparate contributions to biology.
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A tissue-scale gradient of hydrogen peroxide mediates rapid wound detection in zebrafish
TL;DR: This work reveals a sustained rise in H2O2 concentration at the wound margin, and shows that this gradient is created by dual oxidase (Duox), and that it is required for rapid recruitment of leukocytes to the wound.
References
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Inflammation and cancer
Lisa M. Coussens,Zena Werb +1 more
TL;DR: It is now becoming clear that the tumour microenvironment, which is largely orchestrated by inflammatory cells, is an indispensable participant in the neoplastic process, fostering proliferation, survival and migration.
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Aging: A Theory Based on Free Radical and Radiation Chemistry
TL;DR: It seems possible that one factor in aging may be related to deleterious side attacks of free radicals (which are normally produced in the course of cellular metabolism) on cell constituents.
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Osteoclast differentiation and activation
TL;DR: Discovery of the RANK signalling pathway in the osteoclast has provided insight into the mechanisms of osteoporosis and activation of bone resorption, and how hormonal signals impact bone structure and mass.
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Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome
Shigetada Furukawa,Takuya Fujita,Michio Shimabukuro,Masanori Iwaki,Yukio Yamada,Yoshimitsu Nakajima,Osamu Nakayama,Makoto Makishima,Morihiro Matsuda,Iichiro Shimomura +9 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that increased oxidative stress in accumulated fat is an early instigator of metabolic syndrome and that the redox state in adipose tissue is a potentially useful therapeutic target for obesity-associated metabolic syndrome.
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Mitochondria, Oxidants, and Aging
TL;DR: The evidence is reviewed that both supports and conflicts with the free radical theory of aging and the growing link between mitochondrial metabolism, oxidant formation, and the biology of aging is examined.