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Antidepressant effects of ketamine in depressed patients

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TLDR
A first placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial to assess the treatment effects of a single dose of an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist in patients with depression suggests a potential role for NMDA receptor-modulating drugs in the treatment of depression.
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This article is published in Biological Psychiatry.The article was published on 2000-02-15. It has received 3039 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Lanicemine & Esketamine.

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Glutamate Receptor Ion Channels: Structure, Regulation, and Function

TL;DR: This review discusses International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology glutamate receptor nomenclature, structure, assembly, accessory subunits, interacting proteins, gene expression and translation, post-translational modifications, agonist and antagonist pharmacology, allosteric modulation, mechanisms of gating and permeation, roles in normal physiological function, as well as the potential therapeutic use of pharmacological agents acting at glutamate receptors.
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A Randomized Trial of an N-methyl-D-aspartate Antagonist in Treatment-Resistant Major Depression

TL;DR: Robust and rapid antidepressant effects resulted from a single intravenous dose of an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist; onset occurred within 2 hours postinfusion and continued to remain significant for 1 week.
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mTOR-Dependent Synapse Formation Underlies the Rapid Antidepressant Effects of NMDA Antagonists

TL;DR: The results demonstrate that the effects of ketamine are opposite to the synaptic deficits that result from exposure to stress and could contribute to the fast antidepressant actions of ketamines.
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Stress, Depression, and Neuroplasticity: A Convergence of Mechanisms

TL;DR: Greater appreciation of the convergence of mechanisms between stress, depression, and neuroplasticity is likely to lead to the identification of novel targets for more efficacious treatments.
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NMDA receptor blockade at rest triggers rapid behavioural antidepressant responses

TL;DR: It is shown that ketamine and other NMDAR antagonists produce fast-acting behavioural antidepressant-like effects in mouse models, and that these effects depend on the rapid synthesis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, suggesting the regulation of protein synthesis by spontaneous neurotransmission may serve as a viable therapeutic target for the development of fast- acting antidepressants.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans: Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.

TL;DR: These data indicate that N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists produce a broad range of symptoms, behaviors, and cognitive deficits that resemble aspects of endogenous psychoses, particularly schizophrenia and dissociative states.
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Functional antagonists at the NMDA receptor complex exhibit antidepressant actions

TL;DR: The hypothesis that pathways subserved by the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptors are involved in the pathophysiology of affective disorders may have heuristic value and that substances capable of reducing neurotransmission at theNMDA receptor complex may represent a new class of antidepressants is investigated.
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Pharmacologic effects of CI‐581, a new dissociative anesthetic, in man

TL;DR: The results indicate that this drug is an effective analgesic and anesthetic agent in doses of 1.0 to 2.0 mg per kilogram, and it is proposed that the words “dissociative anesthetic” be used to describe the mental state produced by this drug.
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Adaptation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors following antidepressant treatment: implications for the pharmacotherapy of depression.

TL;DR: It is proposed that adaptive changes in NMDA receptors may be the final common pathway for antidepressant action.
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Antidepressant activity of non-competitive and competitive NMDA receptor antagonists in a chronic mild stress model of depression

TL;DR: It is found that the stress-induced deficit in sucrose intake was gradually reversed by chronic (4-5 weeks) treatment with MK-801 and CGP, suggesting that antagonists of NMDA receptors may have antidepressant properties.
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