Antimicrobial Peptides from Plants
TLDR
The ability of plant AMPs to tolerate hypervariable sequences using a conserved scaffold provides diversity to recognize different targets by varying the sequence of the non-cysteine residues, which bode well for developing plant AMP as potential therapeutics and for protection of crops through transgenic methods.Abstract:
Plant antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have evolved differently from AMPs from other life forms. They are generally rich in cysteine residues which form multiple disulfides. In turn, the disulfides cross-braced plant AMPs as cystine-rich peptides to confer them with extraordinary high chemical, thermal and proteolytic stability. The cystine-rich or commonly known as cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs) of plant AMPs are classified into families based on their sequence similarity, cysteine motifs that determine their distinctive disulfide bond patterns and tertiary structure fold. Cystine-rich plant AMP families include thionins, defensins, hevein-like peptides, knottin-type peptides (linear and cyclic), lipid transfer proteins, α-hairpinin and snakins family. In addition, there are AMPs which are rich in other amino acids. The ability of plant AMPs to organize into specific families with conserved structural folds that enable sequence variation of non-Cys residues encased in the same scaffold within a particular family to play multiple functions. Furthermore, the ability of plant AMPs to tolerate hypervariable sequences using a conserved scaffold provides diversity to recognize different targets by varying the sequence of the non-cysteine residues. These properties bode well for developing plant AMPs as potential therapeutics and for protection of crops through transgenic methods. This review provides an overview of the major families of plant AMPs, including their structures, functions, and putative mechanisms.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Antimicrobial Peptides: Diversity, Mechanism of Action and Strategies to Improve the Activity and Biocompatibility In Vivo
TL;DR: The diversity, history and the various mechanisms of action of AMPs are discussed, and some of the recent strategies developed to improve the activity and biocompatibility of AMP are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cystic Fibrosis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: the Host-Microbe Interface
TL;DR: The progression of disease within the primitive CF lung is discussed, specifically focusing on the role of host versus bacterial factors, as well as critical, neutrophil-derived innate immune effectors that are implicated in CF pulmonary disease, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antimicrobial peptides (e.g., LL-37).
Journal ArticleDOI
Antifungal defensins and their role in plant defense.
TL;DR: A review of the history of plant defensins since their discovery at the beginning of 90s, following the advances on its structure conformation and mechanism of action towards microorganisms is reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antiviral peptides as promising therapeutic drugs
Liana Costa Pereira Vilas Boas,Marcelo Lattarulo Campos,Marcelo Lattarulo Campos,Rhayfa Lorrayne Araujo Berlanda,Natan de Carvalho Neves,Octavio L. Franco,Octavio L. Franco,Octavio L. Franco +7 more
TL;DR: This review aims to shed some light on antimicrobial peptides with antiviral activities against human viruses and update the data about the already well-known peptides that are still undergoing studies, emphasizing the most promising ones that may become medicines for clinical use.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antifungal Plant Defensins: Mechanisms of Action and Production
TL;DR: This review summarizes the mechanism of action of well-characterized antifungal plant defensins, including RsAFP2, MsDef1, MtDef4, NaD1 and Psd1, and points out the variety by which antifagal plantdefensins affect microbial cell viability.
References
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TL;DR: This review presents the main results obtained during the last four years in the field of antimicrobial peptides from insects with a special focus on the proline-rich and cysteine-rich peptides.
Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: Peptides, namely magainin and nisin have been shown to demonstrate contraceptive properties in vitro and in vivo and a few peptides have already entered clinical trials for the treatment of impetigo, diabetic foot ulcers and gastric helicobacter infections.
Journal ArticleDOI
APD2: the updated antimicrobial peptide database and its application in peptide design
Guangshun Wang,Xia Li,Zhe Wang +2 more
TL;DR: Using frequently occurring residues, database-aided peptide design in different ways is demonstrated, and GLK-19 showed a higher activity against Escherichia coli than human LL-37 and Leu, Ala, Gly and Lys in amphibian peptides.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lipid-transfer proteins in plants
TL;DR: Novel roles were suggested for plant LTPs: participation in cutin formation, embryogenesis, defense reactions against phytopathogens, symbiosis, and the adaptation of plants to various environmental conditions.
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