Arapaima Fish Scale: One of the Toughest Flexible Biological Materials
Wen Yang,Haocheng Quan,Marc A. Meyers,Robert O. Ritchie +3 more
- Vol. 1, Iss: 6, pp 1557-1566
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors measured the J-integral fracture toughness of arapaima scales and found that the crack-growth toughness is ∼100-200 kJ⋅m−2, representing a very high fracture resistance for a natural material.Abstract:
Summary For fish scales to provide protection from predators without severely compromising mobility, they must be lightweight, flexible, and tough. The arapaima fish scale is a superb example of this, enabling its survival in piranha-infested lakes of the Amazon. These elasmoid scales comprise two layers: a laminate composite of parallel collagen fibrils arranged in a Bouligand-like pattern and a highly mineralized surface layer that prevents initial penetration damage. Here, we measure its J-integral fracture toughness and find that the crack-growth toughness is ∼100–200 kJ⋅m−2, representing a very high fracture resistance for a natural material. This toughness results from multiple deformation mechanisms acting in concert in the twisted plywood structure of the scale, involving the collagenous lamellae at varying orientations retarding crack advance through stretching, reorientation, delamination and shear, and fracture. The toughness values obtained for the arapaima scales indicate that they are among the toughest of nature's flexible biological materials.read more
Citations
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Discontinuous fibrous Bouligand architecture enabling formidable fracture resistance with crack orientation insensitivity
Kaijin Wu,Zhaoqiang Song,Shuaishuai Zhang,Yong Ni,Shengqiang Cai,Xinglong Gong,Linghui He,Shu-Hong Yu +7 more
TL;DR: Fracture mechanics analyses demonstrate that the hybrid toughening mechanisms of crack twisting and crack bridging mode arising from DFB architecture enable excellent fracture resistance with crack orientation insensitivity.
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Structural and mechanical properties of fish scales for the bio-inspired design of flexible body armors: A review
TL;DR: This study aims to review the structural and mechanical characteristics of the scales from ray-finned or teleost fishes, which can be used for new bio- inspired armor designs, and justifies the importance of interaction between toughness, hardness, and deformability in well-engineered bio-inspired body armor.
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Toughening mechanism of coelacanth-fish-inspired double-helicoidal composites
Sha Yin,Ruiheng Yang,Yao Huang,Weihua Guo,Dianhao Chen,Wen Zhang,Mingwei Ren,Yujing Zhou,Jun Xu +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, double-helicoidal composite materials are designed and fabricated, inspired by the scales of coelacanth fish, and three-point bending and Charpy impact tests are performed to evaluate their mechanical performance.
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A Bioinspired Ultratough Composite Produced by Integration of Inorganic Ionic Oligomers within Polymer Networks.
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Biomimetic discontinuous Bouligand structural design enables high-performance nanocomposites
Shenglin Ge,A. V. Mikhailov +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper , a programmable assembly strategy and discontinuous Bouligand structural nanocomposites with eco-friendly, silicon-based nanofibers and biopolymer was proposed.
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