Arginase-1 and Ym1 are markers for murine, but not human, alternatively activated myeloid cells.
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Comparing the effects of IL-13 on the transcriptional profile of human monocytes with studies analyzing the profile induced by IL-4 in murine macrophages notice some differences.Abstract:
In an interesting paper, Scotton et al. ([1][1]) reported the effects of IL-13 on the transcriptional profile of human monocytes. Comparing their results with studies analyzing the profile induced by IL-4 in murine macrophages ([2][2], [3][3]), the authors notice some differences, giving as examplesread more
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Progress and challenges in translating the biology of atherosclerosis
TL;DR: Understanding how to combine experimental and clinical science will provide further insight into atherosclerosis and could lead to new clinical applications.
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Coordinated regulation of myeloid cells by tumours
TL;DR: This work considers myeloid cells as an intricately connected, complex, single system and focuses on how tumours manipulate the myeloids system to evade the host immune response.
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Macrophage activation and polarization.
TL;DR: The main functions of polarized macrophages are reviewed and the perspectives of this field are discussed, which include high endocytic clearance capacities and trophic factor synthesis, accompanied by reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion.
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Alternative Activation of Macrophages: An Immunologic Functional Perspective
TL;DR: The cellular sources of these cytokines, receptor signaling pathways, and induced markers and gene signatures are reviewed and the concept of macrophage activation in the context of the immune response is revisit.
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Transcriptional Profiling of the Human Monocyte-to-Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization: New Molecules and Patterns of Gene Expression
TL;DR: Transcriptome profiling reveals novel molecules and signatures associated with human monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and polarized activation which may represent candidate targets in pathophysiology.
References
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Macrophage polarization: tumor-associated macrophages as a paradigm for polarized M2 mononuclear phagocytes
Alberto Mantovani,Silvano Sozzani,Silvano Sozzani,Massimo Locati,Paola Allavena,Antonio Sica +5 more
TL;DR: These functionally polarized cells, and similarly oriented or immature dendritic cells present in tumors, have a key role in subversion of adaptive immunity and in inflammatory circuits that promote tumor growth and progression.
Journal Article
Alternative Metabolic States in Murine Macrophages Reflected by the Nitric Oxide Synthase/Arginase Balance: Competitive Regulation by CD4+ T Cells Correlates with Th1/Th2 Phenotype
TL;DR: The results suggest that the iNOS/arginase balance in macrophages is competitively regulated in the context of Th1- vs Th2-driven immune reactions, most likely by cytokines without the requirement for direct cell interaction.
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Simultaneous disruption of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 defines individual roles in T helper cell type 2-mediated responses.
Grahame James Mckenzie,Padraic G. Fallon,Claire Emson,Richard K. Grencis,Andrew N. J. McKenzie +4 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that IL-4 and IL-13 cooperate to initiate rapid Th2 cell–driven responses, and that although their functions overlap, they perform additive roles.
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IL-4 dependent alternatively-activated macrophages have a distinctive in vivo gene expression phenotype
P'ng Loke,P'ng Loke,Meera G. Nair,John Parkinson,David B. Guiliano,Mark Blaxter,Judith E. Allen +6 more
TL;DR: This study provides unique new information regarding the phenotype of macrophages found in Th2-mediated, chronic inflammatory settings and provides additional in vivo evidence for parallels between the inflammatory processes involved in nematode infection and allergy.
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Arginase I is constitutively expressed in human granulocytes and participates in fungicidal activity.
Markus Munder,Faustino Mollinedo,Jero Calafat,Javier Canchado,Cristina Gil-Lamaignere,José M. Fuentes,Claudia Luckner,Gwendolyn Doschko,Germán Soler,Klaus Eichmann,Frank-Michael C. Müller,Anthony D. Ho,Martin Goerner,Manuel Modolell +13 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that arginase I is localized in azurophil granules of neutrophils and constitutes a novel antimicrobial effector pathway, likely through arginine depletion in the phagolysosome.