Automated and partly automated contact tracing: a systematic review to inform the control of COVID-19.
Isobel Braithwaite,Thomas Callender,Miriam Bullock,Robert W Aldridge +3 more
- Vol. 2, Iss: 11
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TLDR
No empirical evidence of the effectiveness of automated contact tracing (regarding contacts identified or transmission reduction) was identified and well designed prospective studies are needed given gaps in evidence of effectiveness, and to investigate the integration and relative effects of manual and automated systems.Abstract:
Evidence for the use of automated or partly automated contact-tracing tools to contain severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is scarce. We did a systematic review of automated or partly automated contact tracing. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, OVID Global Health, EBSCO Medical COVID Information Portal, Cochrane Library, medRxiv, bioRxiv, arXiv, and Google Advanced for articles relevant to COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, influenza, or Ebola virus, published from Jan 1, 2000, to April 14, 2020. We also included studies identified through professional networks up to April 30, 2020. We reviewed all full-text manuscripts. Primary outcomes were the number or proportion of contacts (or subsequent cases) identified. Secondary outcomes were indicators of outbreak control, uptake, resource use, cost-effectiveness, and lessons learnt. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020179822). Of the 4036 studies identified, 110 full-text studies were reviewed and 15 studies were included in the final analysis and quality assessment. No empirical evidence of the effectiveness of automated contact tracing (regarding contacts identified or transmission reduction) was identified. Four of seven included modelling studies that suggested that controlling COVID-19 requires a high population uptake of automated contact-tracing apps (estimates from 56% to 95%), typically alongside other control measures. Studies of partly automated contact tracing generally reported more complete contact identification and follow-up compared with manual systems. Automated contact tracing could potentially reduce transmission with sufficient population uptake. However, concerns regarding privacy and equity should be considered. Well designed prospective studies are needed given gaps in evidence of effectiveness, and to investigate the integration and relative effects of manual and automated systems. Large-scale manual contact tracing is therefore still key in most contexts.read more
Citations
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REACT: real-time contact tracing and risk monitoring using privacy-enhanced mobile tracking
Li Xiong,Cyrus Shahabi,Yanan Da,Ritesh Ahuja,Vicki S. Hertzberg,Lance A. Waller,Xiaoqian Jiang,Amy Franklin +7 more
TL;DR: The procedure of contact tracing is demonstrated using the REACT application and the utility of contact trace given the protected locations is demonstrated.
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A population-based controlled experiment assessing the epidemiological impact of digital contact tracing.
Pablo Rodríguez,Santiago Graña,Eva Elisa Alvarez-León,Manuela Battaglini,Francisco Javier Darias,Miguel A. Hernán,R. López,Paloma Llaneza,Maria Cristina Martín,Oriana Ramirez-Rubio,Adriana Romaní,Berta Suárez-Rodríguez,Javier Sánchez-Monedero,Alex Arenas,Lucas Lacasa +14 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report the results of a 4-week population-based controlled experiment that took place in La Gomera (Canary Islands, Spain) between June and July 2020, where they assessed the epidemiological impact of the Spanish DCT app Radar Covid.
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The timing of COVID-19 transmission
Luca Ferretti,Alice Ledda,Chris Wymant,Lele Zhao,Virginia Ledda,Lucie Abeler Dorner,Michelle Kendall,Anel Nurtay,Hao-Yuan Cheng,Ta-Chou Ng,Hsien-Ho Lin,Rob Hinch,Joanna Masel,A. Marm Kilpatrick,Christophe Fraser +14 more
TL;DR: For symptomatic individuals, the timing of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is more strongly linked to the onset of clinical symptoms of COVID-19 than to the time since infection, and the pre-symptomatic infectious period extended further back in time for individuals with longer incubation periods.
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An epidemiological model with voluntary quarantine strategies governed by evolutionary game dynamics
TL;DR: An epidemiological SIR model is proposed that uses evolutionary game theory for combining in a single process social strategies, individual risk perception, and viral spreading and shows recurrent infection waves, which are usually seen in previous historic epidemic scenarios with voluntary quarantine.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exploring the effectiveness of a COVID-19 contact tracing app using an agent-based model.
Jonatan Almagor,Stefano Picascia +1 more
TL;DR: Results suggest that a contact tracing app can contribute substantially to reducing infection rates in the population when accompanied by a sufficient testing capacity or when the testing policy prioritises symptomatic cases.
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