Biofilm-Innate Immune Interface: Contribution to Chronic Wound Formation.
Zoya Versey,Waleska Stephanie da Cruz Nizer,Emily Russell,Sandra Zigic,Katrina G. DeZeeuw,Jonah E. Marek,Joerg Overhage,Edana Cassol,Edana Cassol +8 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors discuss the current literature on how bacterial populations and biofilms contribute to chronic wound formation, the role of bacteria and bio-films in driving dysfunctional innate immune responses in chronic wounds, and therapeutics currently available (or underdevelopment) that target bacteria-innate immune interactions to improve healing.Abstract:
Delayed wound healing can cause significant issues for immobile and ageing individuals as well as those living with co-morbid conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. These delays increase a patient’s risk for infection and, in severe cases, can result in the formation of chronic, non-healing ulcers (e.g., diabetic foot ulcers, surgical site infections, pressure ulcers and venous leg ulcers). Chronic wounds are very difficult and expensive to treat and there is an urgent need to develop more effective therapeutics that restore healing processes. Sustained innate immune activation and inflammation are common features observed across most chronic wound types. However, the factors driving this activation remain incompletely understood. Emerging evidence suggests that the composition and structure of the wound microbiome may play a central role in driving this dysregulated activation but the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these processes require further investigation. In this review, we will discuss the current literature on: 1) how bacterial populations and biofilms contribute to chronic wound formation, 2) the role of bacteria and biofilms in driving dysfunctional innate immune responses in chronic wounds, and 3) therapeutics currently available (or underdevelopment) that target bacteria-innate immune interactions to improve healing. We will also discuss potential issues in studying the complexity of immune-biofilm interactions in chronic wounds and explore future areas of investigation for the field.read more
Citations
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Skin Wound Healing: Normal Macrophage Function and Macrophage Dysfunction in Diabetic Wounds.
Savannah Margaret Aitcheson,Francesca D. Frentiu,Sheree E Hurn,Katie Edwards,Rachael Z. Murray +4 more
TL;DR: In diabetic foot ulcers, macrophages in individuals with diabetes are altered, displaying hyperresponsiveness to inflammatory stimulants and increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to increased risk of not healing and becoming infected, and potentially, amputation as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chronic wounds
Vincent Falanga,Roslyn Rivkah Isseroff,Athena M. Soulika,Marco Romanelli,David J. Margolis,Suzanne Kapp,Mark S. Granick,Keith G Harding +7 more
TL;DR: In this Primer, Falanga and colleagues review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of chronic wounds as well as their effects on patients’ quality of life.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chronic Inflammation in Non-Healing Skin Wounds and Promising Natural Bioactive Compounds Treatment
TL;DR: The role of the immune system, the involvement of inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species, the complication of bacterial infections in chronic wound healing, and the still-underexplored potential of natural bioactive compounds in wound treatment are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oxidative Stress Response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Waleska Stephanie da Cruz Nizer,Vasily Inkovskiy,Zoya Versey,Nikola Strempel,Edana Cassol,Joerg Overhage +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used PubMed to evaluate the current knowledge on the oxidative stress responses adopted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and described the genes that are often differently expressed under oxidative stress conditions, the pathways and proteins employed to sense and respond to oxidative stress, and how these changes in gene expression influence pathogenicity and the virulence of P. aerugus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biofilms in Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Impact, Risk Factors and Control Strategies.
TL;DR: In this article, the current knowledge on the involvement of biofilms in diabetic foot ulcers is discussed, as well as how the surrounding environment influences biofilm formation and regulation, along with its clinical implications.
References
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Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation.
TL;DR: This Review suggests a new grouping of macrophages based on three different homeostatic activities — host defence, wound healing and immune regulation, and proposes that similarly to primary colours, these three basic macrophage populations can blend into various other 'shades' of activation.
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TL;DR: The four stages of orderly inflammation mediated by macrophages are discussed: recruitment to tissues; differentiation and activation in situ; conversion to suppressive cells; and restoration of tissue homeostasis.
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Claudio Franceschi,Massimiliano Bonafè,Silvana Valensin,Fabiola Olivieri,Maria De Luca,Enzo Ottaviani,Giovanna De Benedictis +6 more
TL;DR: The beneficial effects of inflammation devoted to the neutralization of dangerous/harmful agents early in life and in adulthood become detrimental late in life in a period largely not foreseen by evolution, according to the antagonistic pleiotropy theory of aging.
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Shujuan Guo,Luisa A. DiPietro +1 more
TL;DR: The factors discussed include oxygenation, infection, age and sex hormones, stress, diabetes, obesity, medications, alcoholism, smoking, and nutrition, which may lead to therapeutics that improve wound healing and resolve impaired wounds.
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Hans-Curt Flemming,Jost Wingender,Ulrich Szewzyk,Peter D. Steinberg,Scott A. Rice,Staffan Kjelleberg +5 more
TL;DR: The fundamental role of the biofilm matrix is considered, describing how the characteristic features of biofilms — such as social cooperation, resource capture and enhanced survival of exposure to antimicrobials — all rely on the structural and functional properties of the matrix.