Journal ArticleDOI
BIOSYNTHESIS OF ASCORBIC ACID IN PLANTS: A Renaissance.
Nicholas Smirnoff,Patricia L. Conklin,Frank A. Loewus +2 more
- Vol. 52, Iss: 1, pp 437-467
TLDR
The description in 1996 of an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant deficient in ascorbic acid prompted renewed research effort in this area, and subsequently in 1998 a new pathway was discovered that is backed by strong biochemical and molecular genetic evidence.Abstract:
▪ Abstract The structure of the familiar antioxidant L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was described in 1933 yet remarkably, its biosynthesis in plants remained elusive until only recently. It became clear from radioisotopic labeling studies in the 1950s that plant ascorbic acid biosynthesis does not proceed in toto via a route similar to that in mammals. The description in 1996 of an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant deficient in ascorbic acid prompted renewed research effort in this area, and subsequently in 1998 a new pathway was discovered that is backed by strong biochemical and molecular genetic evidence. This pathway proceeds through the intermediates GDP-D-mannose, L-galactose, and L-galactono-1,4-lactone. Much research has focused on the properties of the terminal enzyme responsible for conversion of the aldonolactone to ascorbate, and on related enzymes in both mammals and fungi. Two of the plant biosynthetic genes have been studied at the molecular level and additional ascorbate-deficient A. thaliana mutan...read more
Citations
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Antioxidants, Oxidative Damage and Oxygen Deprivation Stress: a Review
TL;DR: Factors which possibly affect the effectiveness of antioxidant protection under oxygen deprivation as well as under other environmental stresses are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biofortification of crops with seven mineral elements often lacking in human diets--iron, zinc, copper, calcium, magnesium, selenium and iodine.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review aspects of soil science, plant physiology and genetics underpinning crop bio-fortification strategies, as well as agronomic and genetic approaches currently taken to biofortify food crops with the mineral elements most commonly lacking in human diets: iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iodine (I) and selenium (Se).
Journal ArticleDOI
Redox Regulation in Photosynthetic Organisms: Signaling, Acclimation, and Practical Implications
Christine H. Foyer,Graham Noctor +1 more
TL;DR: This review focuses on current knowledge of the pathways of redox regulation, with discussion of the somewhat juxtaposed hypotheses of "oxidative damage" versus "Oxidative signaling," within the wider context of physiological function, from plant cell biology to potential applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Making the life of heavy metal-stressed plants a little easier
TL;DR: This review is to assess the mode of action and role of antioxidants in protecting plants from stress caused by the presence of heavy metals in the environment.
Journal ArticleDOI
CALCIUM OXALATE IN PLANTS: Formation and Function
TL;DR: Using a variety of approaches, researchers have begun to unravel the exquisite control mechanisms exerted by cells specialized for CaOx formation that include the machinery for uptake and accumulation of Ca, oxalic acid biosynthetic pathways, and regulation of crystal growth.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
ASCORBATE AND GLUTATHIONE: Keeping Active Oxygen Under Control
Graham Noctor,Christine H. Foyer +1 more
TL;DR: A detailed account of current knowledge of the biosynthesis, compartmentation, and transport of these two important antioxidants, with emphasis on the unique insights and advances gained by molecular exploration are provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plant L‐ascorbic acid: chemistry, function, metabolism, bioavailability and effects of processing
Mark W. Davey,M. Van Montagu,Dirk Inzé,Maite Sanmartín,Angelos K. Kanellis,Nicholas Smirnoff,I. J. J. Benzie,John (Sean) J. Strain,D. Favell,J. Fletcher +9 more
TL;DR: The role of L-AA in metabolism and the latest studies regarding its bio- synthesis, tissue compartmentalisation, turnover and catabolism are focused on, as well as the potential to improve the L- AA content of crops.
Journal ArticleDOI
The biosynthetic pathway of vitamin C in higher plants
TL;DR: The definition of this biosynthetic pathway should allow engineering of plants for increased ascorbate production, thus increasing their nutritional value and stress tolerance.
Journal ArticleDOI
The function and metabolism of ascorbic acid in plants
TL;DR: There is a need to increase the understanding of this enigmatic molecule since it could be involved in a wide range of important functions from antioxidant defence and photosynthesis to growth regulation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ascorbic acid in plants: biosynthesis and function.
TL;DR: Ascorbate-deficient vtc 1 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana have been found to have a higher susceptibility to ozone and UV-B radiation, and the rapid response of ascorbates peroxidase expression to (photo)-oxidative stress.
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