Brain Serotonin and Dopamine Transporter Bindings in Adults With High-Functioning Autism
Kazuhiko Nakamura,Yoshimoto Sekine,Yasuomi Ouchi,Masatsugu Tsujii,Etsuji Yoshikawa,Masami Futatsubashi,Kenji J. Tsuchiya,Genichi Sugihara,Yasuhide Iwata,Katsuaki Suzuki,Hideo Matsuzaki,Shiro Suda,Toshiro Sugiyama,Nori Takei,Norio Mori +14 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
The present findings indicate that the gross abnormalities in these neurotransmitter systems may underpin the neurophysiologic mechanism of autism.Abstract:
Context Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by repetitive and/or obsessive interests and behavior and by deficits in sociability and communication. Although its neurobiological underpinnings are postulated to lie in abnormalities of the serotoninergic and dopaminergic systems, the details remain unknown. Objective To determine the occurrence of changes in the binding of serotonin and dopamine transporters, which are highly selective markers for their respective neuronal systems. Design Using positron emission tomography, we measured the binding of brain serotonin and dopamine transporters in each individual with the radioligands carbon 11 ( 11 C)–labeled trans -1,2,3,5,6,10-β-hexahydro-6-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]pyrrolo-[2,1-a]isoquinoline ([ 11 C](+)McN-5652) and 2β-carbomethoxy-3-β-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane ([ 11 C]WIN-35,428), respectively. Statistical parametric mapping was used for between-subject analysis and within-subject correlation analysis with respect to clinical variables. Setting Participants recruited from the community. Participants Twenty men (age range, 18-26 years; mean [SD] IQ, 99.3 [18.1]) with autism and 20 age- and IQ-matched control subjects. Results Serotonin transporter binding was significantly lower throughout the brain in autistic individuals compared with controls ( P P P P r = −0.61; P = .004). Conclusions The brains of autistic individuals have abnormalities in both serotonin transporter and dopamine transporter binding. The present findings indicate that the gross abnormalities in these neurotransmitter systems may underpin the neurophysiologic mechanism of autism. Our sample was not characteristic or representative of a typical sample of adults with autism in the community.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Consensus Paper: Pathological Role of the Cerebellum in Autism
S. Hossein Fatemi,Kimberly A. Aldinger,Paul Ashwood,Margaret L. Bauman,Charles D. Blaha,Gene J. Blatt,Abha Chauhan,Ved Chauhan,Stephen R. Dager,Price E. Dickson,Annette Estes,Dan Goldowitz,Detlef H. Heck,Thomas L. Kemper,Bryan H. King,Loren A. Martin,Kathleen J. Millen,Guy Mittleman,Matthew W. Mosconi,Antonio M. Persico,John A. Sweeney,Sara Jane Webb,John P. Welsh +22 more
TL;DR: The diversity of opinions regarding the involvement of this important site in the pathology of autism will be observed, and points of consensus include presence of abnormal cerebellar anatomy, abnormal neurotransmitter systems, oxidative stress, Cerebellar motor and cognitive deficits, and neuroinflammation in subjects with autism.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuroanatomical and neurochemical bases of theory of mind.
TL;DR: A novel neurobiological model of theory of mind that incorporates both neuroanatomical and neurochemical levels of specificity is presented, which maintains that cognitive and affective aspects of ToM are subserved by dissociable, yet interacting, prefrontal networks.
Journal ArticleDOI
An aberrant precision account of autism.
TL;DR: This work considers how empirical findings—that speak directly or indirectly to neurobiological mechanisms—are consistent with the aberrant encoding of precision in autism; in particular, an imbalance of the precision ascribed to sensory evidence relative to prior beliefs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microglial Activation in Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Katsuaki Suzuki,Genichi Sugihara,Yasuomi Ouchi,Kazuhiko Nakamura,Masami Futatsubashi,Kiyokazu Takebayashi,Yujiro Yoshihara,Kei Omata,Kaori Matsumoto,Kenji J. Tsuchiya,Yasuhide Iwata,Masatsugu Tsujii,Toshirou Sugiyama,Norio Mori +13 more
TL;DR: Excessive microglial activation in multiple brain regions in young adult subjects with ASD is indicated, and similarities in the pattern of distribution of activated microglia in subjects with autism and control subjects may indicate augmented but not altered microglian activation in the brain in the Subjects with ASD.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pathophysiological distortions in time perception and timed performance
Melissa J. Allman,Warren H. Meck +1 more
TL;DR: These findings are used to evaluate the Striatal Beat Frequency Theory, which is a neurobiological model of interval timing based upon the coincidence detection of oscillatory processes in corticostriatal circuits that can be mapped onto the stages of information processing proposed by Scalar Timing Theory.
References
More filters
Journal Article
[Affective disorders in the fourth edition of the classification of mental disorders prepared by the American Psychiatric Association -- diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders].
Journal ArticleDOI
Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised: a revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders
TL;DR: The revised interview has been reorganized, shortened, modified to be appropriate for children with mental ages from about 18 months into adulthood and linked to ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria.
Journal ArticleDOI
The autism diagnostic observation schedule-generic: a standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism.
Catherine Lord,Susan Risi,Linda Lambrecht,Edwin H. Cook,Bennett L. Leventhal,Pamela C. DiLavore,Andrew Pickles,Michael Rutter +7 more
TL;DR: Algorithm sensitivities and specificities for autism and PD DNOS relative to nonspectrum disorders were excellent, with moderate differentiation of autism from PDDNOS.