Showing papers in "Neuropsychologia in 2011"

TL;DR: A novel neurobiological model of theory of mind that incorporates both neuroanatomical and neurochemical levels of specificity is presented, which maintains that cognitive and affective aspects of ToM are subserved by dissociable, yet interacting, prefrontal networks.

TL;DR: Research highlights ► Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulates explicit sequence learning and slows the rate of learning in both cases.

TL;DR: There was no differential effect of concurrent load, even when the process of binding was made more demanding by separating the shape and color features spatially, temporally or across visual and auditory modalities, which suggested a need to assume a feature-based attentional filter followed by an object based storage process.

TL;DR: A neuroimaging experiment tested two core hypotheses of the Conceptual Act Theory of Emotion: different situated conceptualizations produce different forms of the same emotion in different situations, and the composition of a situated conceptualization emerges from shared multimodal circuitry distributed across the brain that produces emotional states generally.

TL;DR: Electroencephalography is used to assess dynamic brain connectivity in ASD focusing in the low-frequency (delta) range and it is shown that delta-band coherence reveal qualitative and quantitative aspects associated with ASD pathology.

TL;DR: Visual working memory and visual attention are intimately related, such that working memory encoding and maintenance reflects actively sustained attention to a limited number of visual objects and events important for ongoing cognition and action.

TL;DR: It is concluded that rostral PFC most likely plays a super-ordinate role during many stages of creating, maintaining and enacting delayed intentions, which in some cases may be linked to recent evidence showing that this brain region is involved in the control of stimulus-oriented vs. stimulus-independent attending.

TL;DR: The functional meaning of EEG alpha synchronization was investigated and an experimental manipulation of internal processing demands was achieved, which attributed alpha synchronization in creative thinking to top-down processing.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that long-term music training is related to improvements in working memory, in both the auditory and visual domains and in terms of both behavioral and ERP measures.

TL;DR: The results support a shared-resource model of working memory, in which increasing memory load incrementally degrades storage of visual information, reducing the fidelity with which both object features and feature bindings are maintained.

TL;DR: This work confirms, in a large sample of CP individuals, the absence of the normal face inversion effect and the presence of the local bias on the GL task, and employs the composite face paradigm, often regarded as the gold standard for measuring holistic face processing.

TL;DR: It is concluded that persistent activity is not specific to working memory, but instead, carries information that can be used generally to support a variety of cognitions.

TL;DR: The feasibility of virtual reality technology to study spatial memory deficits of persons with amnestic MCI is demonstrated and future studies should try to design spatial virtual reality tasks being specific enough to predict conversion from MCI to dementia and conversion from normal to MCI.

TL;DR: Research highlights ► Congenital prosopagnosics show weak holistic coding of expression and identity, and Holistic coding of identity is functionally involved in face identification ability.

TL;DR: The largest study of ABM in FTD to date, these findings emphasise the differential impairment of recent ABM contextual details contingent on the underlying disease pathology and point towards the importance of investigating the constituent elements of emotion processing and strategic retrieval processes as potential variables mediating recent episodic ABM retrieval.

TL;DR: Results of the review indicate that, similar to patients with amnesic syndromes due to mesio-temporal lobe damage, patients with vascular thalamic amnesia display a prevalent deficit ofDeclarative anterograde long-term memory, a less consistent deficit of declarative retrograde long- term memory and substantially spared short-term and implicit memory.

TL;DR: Results indicate that RTs and ERP measures are sensitive to modulations of cognitive control associated with conflict across multiple congruent and incongruent trials.

TL;DR: The results suggest that figure copy performance in AD and bvFTD is not anatomically specific and is differentially impacted by bottom-up and top-down aspects of visual spatial processing.

TL;DR: Data support analogies between the effects of bilingualism and "cognitive reserve" and suggest an upper limit on the extent to which reserve can function to delay dementia.

TL;DR: Evidence from visual working memory tasks is reviewed and suggested that it supports the concept of a focus of attention that can include several items at once as a core vehicle of working memory, regardless of the stimulus modality.

TL;DR: Performance on a demanding test of face-name associative memory was related to Aβ burden in brain regions associated with memory systems, particularly in frontal cortex and PPCLP cortices.

TL;DR: It is proposed that frontal systems are particularly important for prospective memory tasks that require planning, that require strategic monitoring to detect the appropriate moment for executing the prospective memory intention, or for which execution of the retrieved intention must be delayed briefly.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that abstraction of statistical patterns benefits from sleep, and the first clear support for the role of slow-wave sleep in this consolidation is provided.

TL;DR: A neural and cognitive model according to which a balance between the two hemispheres affects a major aspect of creative cognition, namely, originality is proposed, which concludes that the right mPFC is part of a right fronto-parietal network which is responsible for producing original ideas.

TL;DR: A sample of people without special training, all of whom were proficient at perceiving and producing the musical beat with the exception of one case, revealed that people synchronized full-body motion to music and detected when a model dancer was not in time with the music.

TL;DR: The cross-sectional findings suggest that β-amyloid burden does not have a large effect on cognition in this subset of apparently healthy older people, and the finding of gender differences deserves further research to answer definitively the important question of gender susceptibility to adverse cognitive effects from β- amyloid.

TL;DR: It is shown that the BOLD response in MCI patients can show both hyperactivation and hypoactivation in the same individuals as a function of memory load and encoding/retrieval, which suggests that performance on PAL might be a useful cognitive biomarker for early detection of Alzheimer's disease, especially when used in conjunction with neuroimaging.

TL;DR: The amygdala is a common site for neuropathology in neurodevelopmental disorders and is therefore a potential target for therapeutics to alleviate associated symptoms and is assessed for amygdala dysregulation from postmortem studies, structural MRI analyses or functional MRI.

TL;DR: Recording event-related potentials (ERPs) in a lexical decision task with written adjectives, verbs, and nouns of positive, negative, and neutral emotional valence indicated that in all three word classes examined, emotional evaluation as represented by the EPN has a post-lexical locus.

TL;DR: Evidence is found for an interaction between sex and laterality of amygdala functioning, such that unilateral damage to the right amygdala results in greater deficits in decision-making and social behavior in men, while left amygdala damage seems to be more detrimental for women.