Journal ArticleDOI
Calcium Ethoxide as a Solid Base Catalyst for the Transesterification of Soybean Oil to Biodiesel
TLDR
In this article, the authors proposed the use of calcium ethoxide as a catalyst for the transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel with methanol and ethanol, and the experimental results showed that the optimum conditions are a 12:1 molar ratio of methanols to oil, the addition of 3% Ca(OCH2CH3)2 catalyst, and a 65 °C reaction temperature.Abstract:
In this work, calcium ethoxide is proposed as a catalyst for the transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel with methanol and ethanol. First, calcium ethoxide was synthesized through a calcium reaction with ethanol. Then, its physical and chemical characteristics were determined using instrumental methods such as Brunauer−Emmett−Teller surface area measurements, scanning electron micrographs, and particle size distribution measurements. The effects of the mass ratio of catalyst to oil, the molar ratio of methanol to oil, and the reaction temperature were studied to optimize the reaction conditions. The experimental results showed that the optimum conditions are a 12:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, the addition of 3% Ca(OCH2CH3)2 catalyst, and a 65 °C reaction temperature. A 95.0% biodiesel yield was obtained within 1.5 h in these conditions, and the activation energy was 54 149 J/mol. It also indicated that the catalysis performance of calcium ethoxide is better than that of CaO. Besides, a 91.8% b...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Biodiesel production, properties, and feedstocks
TL;DR: This review covers the process by which biodiesel is prepared, the types of catalysts that may be used for the production of biodiesel, the influence of free fatty acids on biodiesel production, the use of different monohydric alcohols in the preparation of biod diesel, the effects of blending biodiesel with other fuels on fuel properties, alternative uses for biod Diesel, and value-added uses of glycerol.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review on FAME production processes
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the literature on transesterification reaction using homogeneous, heterogeneous and enzyme catalysts for bio-diesel and employed ultrasound, microwave and supercritical alcohol techniques.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biochar as a Catalyst
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of catalytic applications of biochar in the field of catalysis is presented, focusing on the catalytic challenges and practices of Biochar, e.g., biochar is pyrogenic carbon rich material generated from carbon neutral sources (i.e., biomass).
Journal ArticleDOI
Production of biodiesel: A technical review
Ejaz M. Shahid,Younis Jamal +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of alkaline, acidic, and enzymatic catalysts have been reviewed and modern techniques of development of biodiesel i.e., use of microwaves and super critical alcohol have also been discussed critically.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transesterification of vegetable oil into biodiesel catalyzed by CaO: A review
Masato Kouzu,Jyu-suke Hidaka +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed CaO catalyst for the vegetable oil transesterification on the basis of a variety of the concerning research papers and discussed the practical use of CaO for industrial biodiesel production with pointing out the required future works.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Variables affecting the yields of fatty esters from transesterified vegetable oils
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors showed that the conversion to methyl, ethyl and butyl esters from cottonseed, peanut, soybean and sunflower oils can be done in 1 hr with an alkaline catalyst.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transesterification kinetics of soybean oil 1
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of the type of alcohol, 1-butanol or methanol (MeOH), molar ratio of alcohol to SBO, type and amount of catalyst, and reaction temperature on rate constants and kinetic order were examined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Kinetics of transesterification of soybean oil
Hossein Noureddini,D Zhu +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of mixing intensity (Reynolds number = 3,100 to 12,400) and temperature (30 to 70°C) on the rate of reaction were studied while the molar ratio of alcohol to triglycerol (6:1) and the concentration of catalyst (0.20 wt% based on soybean oil) were held constant.
Journal ArticleDOI
Kinetics of Palm Oil Transesterification in a Batch Reactor
D. Darnoko,Munir Cheryan +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors showed that the conversion of triglycerides (TG), diglycerides (DG), and monoglycerides (MG) appeared to be second order up to 30 min of reaction time.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transesterification of vegetable oil to biodiesel using heterogeneous base catalyst
Hak-Joo Kim,Bo Seung Kang,Min Ju Kim,Young Moo Park,Deog Keun Kim,Jin Suk Lee,Kwan Young Lee +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, an environmentally benign process for the production of biodiesel from VOs using heterogeneous catalyst was developed, and the basic strength of Na/NaOH/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was estimated and the correlation with the activity towards transesterification was proposed.