Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon accumulation at depth in Ferralsols under zero-till subtropical agriculture
Robert M. Boddey,Claudia Pozzi Jantalia,Paulo Cesar Conceição,Josiléia Acordi Zanatta,Cimélio Bayer,João Mielniczuk,Jeferson Dieckow,Henrique Pereira dos Santos,José Eloir Denardin,Celso Aita,Sandro José Giacomini,Bruno José Rodrigues Alves,Segundo Urquiaga +12 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors evaluated the impact of zero-till (ZT) only on surface soil layers (down to 30cm), and few studies have been performed on the potential for C accumulation in deeper layers (0-100cm) of tropical and subtropical soils.Abstract:
Conservation agriculture can provide a low-cost competitive option to mitigate global warming with reduction or elimination of soil tillage and increase soil organic carbon (SOC). Most studies have evaluated the impact of zero till (ZT) only on surface soil layers (down to 30 cm), and few studies have been performed on the potential for C accumulation in deeper layers (0–100 cm) of tropical and subtropical soils. In order to determine whether the change from conventional tillage (CT) to ZT has induced a net gain in SOC, three long-term experiments (15–26 years) on free-draining Ferralsols in the subtropical region of South Brazil were sampled and the SOC stocks to 30 and 100 cm calculated on an equivalent soil mass basis. In rotations containing intercropped or cover-crop legumes, there were significant accumulations of SOC in ZT soils varying from 5 to 8 Mg ha−1 in comparison with CT management, equivalent to annual soil C accumulation rates of between 0.04 and 0.88 Mg ha−1. However, the potential for soil C accumulation was considerably increased (varying from 0.48 to 1.53 Mg ha−1 yr−1) when considering the soil profile down to 100 cm depth. On average the estimate of soil C accumulation to 100 cm depth was 59% greater than that for soil C accumulated to 30 cm. These findings suggest that increasing sampling depth from 30 cm (as presently recommended by the IPCC) to 100 cm, may increase substantially the estimates of potential CO2 mitigation induced by the change from CT to ZT on the free-draining Ferralsols of the tropics and subtropics. It was evident that that legumes which contributed a net input of biologically fixed N played an important role in promoting soil C accumulation in these soils under ZT, perhaps due to a slow-release of N from decaying surface residues/roots which favored maize root growth.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The knowns, known unknowns and unknowns of sequestration of soil organic carbon
Uta Stockmann,Mark A. Adams,John W. Crawford,Damien J. Field,Nilusha Henakaarchchi,Meaghan E. Jenkins,Budiman Minasny,Alex B. McBratney,Vivien de Rémy de Courcelles,Kanika Singh,Ichsani Wheeler,Lynette Abbott,Denis A. Angers,Jeff Baldock,Michael I. Bird,Philip C. Brookes,Claire Chenu,Julie D. Jastrow,Rattan Lal,Johannes Lehmann,Anthony G. O'Donnell,William J. Parton,David Whitehead,Michael Zimmermann +23 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review highlights knowledge of the amount of carbon stored in soils globally, and the potential for carbon sequestration in soil, and discusses successful methods and models used to determine and estimate carbon pools and fluxes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Conservation agriculture and ecosystem services: An overview
TL;DR: The potential and limitations of conservation agriculture for low productivity, small-scale farming systems in Sub Saharan Africa and South Asia is discussed in this article. But, the authors highlight some research priorities for ecosystem services in conservational agriculture.
Journal ArticleDOI
Legumes for mitigation of climate change and the provision of feedstock for biofuels and biorefineries. A review
Erik Steen Jensen,Mark B. Peoples,Robert M. Boddey,Peter M. Gresshoff,Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen,Bruno José Rodrigues Alves,Malcolm J. Morrison +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the current knowledge regarding the capacity of legumes to reduce the emissions of the key greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) compared to N-fertilized systems was presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multiple benefits of legumes for agriculture sustainability: an overview
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed that legumes have high potential for conservation agriculture, being functional either as growing crop or as crop residue, and they also perform well in conservation systems, inter-cropping systems, which are very important in developing countries as well as in low-input and low-yield farming systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Increasing organic stocks in agricultural soils: Knowledge gaps and potential innovations
Claire Chenu,Denis A. Angers,Pierre Barré,Delphine Derrien,Dominique Arrouays,Jérôme Balesdent +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors stress that soil organic carbon storage (i.e., an increase of organic carbon stocks) should be clearly differentiated from soil carbon sequestration, as the latter assumes a net removal of atmospheric CO2.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Soil organic carbon sequestration rates by tillage and crop rotation : A global data analysis
Tristram O. West,Wilfred M. Post +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors quantify potential soil organic carbon sequestration rates for different crops in response to decreasing tillage intensity or enhancing rotation complexity, and to estimate the duration of time over which sequestration may occur.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mycorrhizas and soil structure
TL;DR: It is argued that soil aggregation should be included in a more complete 'multifunctional' perspective of mycorrhizal ecology, and that in-depth understanding of myCorrhizas/soil process relationships will require analyses emphasizing feedbacks between soil structure and mycor Rhizas, rather than a uni-directional approach simply addressing mycorRhizal effects on soils.
Journal ArticleDOI
Calculation of organic matter and nutrients stored in soils under contrasting management regimes
B. H. Ellert,J. R. Bettany +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the mass of organic C, N, P and S in Gray Luvisol soils under native aspen forest and various cropping systems was investigated and compared.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tillage and soil carbon sequestration—What do we really know?
John M. Baker,John M. Baker,Tyson Ochsner,Tyson Ochsner,Rodney T. Venterea,Rodney T. Venterea,Timothy J. Griffis +6 more
TL;DR: Evidence that it promotes C sequestration is not compelling, because in essentially all cases where conservation tillage was found to sequester C, soils were only sampled to a depth of 30 cm or less, even though crop roots often extend much deeper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Legume-based cropping systems have reduced carbon and nitrogen losses
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report the net balances of carbon and nitrogen from a 15-year study in which three distinct maize/soybean agroecosystems are compared.
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Calculation of organic matter and nutrients stored in soils under contrasting management regimes
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Soil organic carbon sequestration rates by tillage and crop rotation : A global data analysis
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