Cell envelope stress response in Gram-positive bacteria
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TLDR
The cell envelope stress response will be placed in the context of the overall cellular physiology, demonstrating that its regulatory systems are linked not only to other stress responses but also to the overall homeostasis and lifestyle of Gram-positive bacteria.Abstract:
The bacterial cell envelope is the first and major line of defence against threats from the environment. It is an essential and yet vulnerable structure that gives the cell its shape and counteracts the high internal osmotic pressure. It also provides an important sensory interface and molecular sieve, mediating both information flow and the controlled transport of solutes. The cell envelope is also the target for numerous antibiotics. Therefore, the monitoring and maintenance of cell envelope integrity in the presence of envelope perturbating agents and conditions is crucial for survival. The underlying signal transduction is mediated by two regulatory principles, two-component systems and extracytoplasmic function σ factors, in both the Firmicutes (low-GC) and Actinobacteria (high-GC) branches of Gram-positive bacteria. This study presents a comprehensive overview of cell envelope stress-sensing regulatory systems. This knowledge will then be applied for in-depth comparative genomics analyses to emphasize the distribution and conservation of cell envelope stress-sensing systems. Finally, the cell envelope stress response will be placed in the context of the overall cellular physiology, demonstrating that its regulatory systems are linked not only to other stress responses but also to the overall homeostasis and lifestyle of Gram-positive bacteria.read more
Citations
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Reduced Vancomycin Susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus, Including Vancomycin-Intermediate and Heterogeneous Vancomycin-Intermediate Strains: Resistance Mechanisms, Laboratory Detection, and Clinical Implications
Benjamin P Howden,John K. Davies,Paul D R Johnson,Paul D R Johnson,Timothy P. Stinear,Timothy P. Stinear,M Lindsay Grayson,M Lindsay Grayson +7 more
TL;DR: It is now becoming clear that sequential point mutations in key global regulatory genes contribute to the hVISA and VISA phenotypes, which are associated predominately with cell wall thickening and restricted vancomycin access to its site of activity in the division septum.
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Teichoic acids and related cell-wall glycopolymers in Gram-positive physiology and host interactions
TL;DR: Identifying and harnessing highly conserved or species-specific structural features of CWGs offers excellent opportunities for developing new antibiotics, vaccines and diagnostics for use in the fight against severe infectious diseases, such as sepsis, pneumonia, anthrax and tuberculosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stress Physiology of Lactic Acid Bacteria
Konstantinos Papadimitriou,Ángel Alegría,Peter A. Bron,Maria De Angelis,Marco Gobbetti,Michiel Kleerebezem,José A. Lemos,Daniel M. Linares,Paul Ross,Catherine Stanton,Francesca Turroni,Douwe van Sinderen,Pekka Varmanen,Marco Ventura,Manuel Zúñiga,Effie Tsakalidou,Jan Kok +16 more
TL;DR: The state of the art for LAB stress behavior is presented, and the stress defense mechanisms that have been reported to date are concentrated on, grouping them according to their direct participation in preserving cell energy, defending macromolecules, and protecting the cell envelope.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular mechanisms of membrane targeting antibiotics
TL;DR: The bacterial membrane provides a target for antimicrobial peptides that directly target a component of bacterial cytoplasmic membranes that can act on both Gram-negative as well as Gram-positive bacteria.
Cell envelope stress response in gram-positive bacteria: from signaling principles to regulatory networks
TL;DR: In this paper, a regulatory hierarchy is built into the envelope stress network that maximizes the gain and minimizes the costs of this cellular response, which ultimately leads to the formation of highly resistant endospores.
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