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Chemical approaches for the construction of multi-enzyme reaction systems.

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TLDR
The combination of multiple bioconjugation methods will provide control over the composition in scaffold-free multi-enzyme complexes and allow for co-immobilization of less robust enzymes, hence, an expansion in the diversity of immobilized biocatalytic cascades.
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This article is published in Current Opinion in Structural Biology.The article was published on 2013-08-01. It has received 99 citations till now.

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Enzymatic reactions in confined environments

TL;DR: Some of the general principles of enzymatic reactions confined on surfaces, at interfaces, and inside small volumes are discussed and some of the necessary future steps to improve fundamental understanding of these systems are critically evaluated.
Journal ArticleDOI

Substrate channelling as an approach to cascade reactions.

TL;DR: The incorporation of substrate channelling into synthetic cascades is a rapidly developing concept, and recent examples of the fabrication of cascades with controlled diffusion and flux of intermediates are presented.
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Biocatalytic cascades driven by enzymes encapsulated in metal–organic framework nanoparticles

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that encapsulation in metal–organic framework nanoparticles can improve high activity and stability of enzyme cascades for two- and three-enzyme, as well as NAD+-dependent, cascades.
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Proximity does not contribute to activity enhancement in the glucose oxidase-horseradish peroxidase cascade.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the reason for the activity enhancement of enzymes localized by DNA scaffolds is that the pH near the surface of the negatively charged DNA nanostructures is lower than that in the bulk solution, creating a more optimal pH environment for the anchored enzymes.
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Production and use of immobilized lipases in/on nanomaterials: A review from the waste to biodiesel production

TL;DR: The current challenges and future directions in developing immobilized lipase-based biocatalytic systems for high-level production of biodiesel from waste resources are recommended.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Synthetic protein scaffolds provide modular control over metabolic flux

TL;DR: In this article, synthetic protein scaffolds bearing interaction domains from metazoan signaling proteins were used to spatially recruit metabolic enzymes in a designable manner, and the modularity of these domains enabled them to optimize the stoichiometry of three mevalonate biosynthetic enzymes recruited to a synthetic complex.
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Scaffold Proteins: Hubs for Controlling the Flow of Cellular Information

TL;DR: Although most scaffolds use a simple tethering mechanism to increase the efficiency of interaction between individual partner molecules, these proteins can also exert complex allosteric control over their partners and are themselves the target of regulation.
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Organization of Intracellular Reactions with Rationally Designed RNA Assemblies

TL;DR: Rationally designed RNA assemblies can thus be used to construct functional architectures in vivo and increased hydrogen output as a function of scaffold architecture.
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Enzyme cascades activated on topologically programmed DNA scaffolds

TL;DR: The self-assembly of a DNA scaffold made of DNA strips that include 'hinges' to which biomolecules can be tethered is reported, and it is shown that enzyme cascades or cofactor-mediated biocatalysis can proceed effectively; similar processes are not observed in diffusion-controlled homogeneous mixtures of the same components.
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Interenzyme Substrate Diffusion for an Enzyme Cascade Organized on Spatially Addressable DNA Nanostructures

TL;DR: The results suggest that Brownian diffusion of intermediates in solution governed the variations in activity for more distant enzyme pairs, while dimensionally limited diffusion across connected protein surfaces contributed to the enhancement inActivity for closely spaced GOx/HRP assemblies.
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