Open Access
Chemical mapping of polymer photoresistsby scanning transmission x-ray microscopy
Ligia Muntean,Romain Planques,A. L. D. Kilcoyne,Stephen R. Leone,Mary K. Gilles,William D. Hinsberg +5 more
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TLDR
In this article, a post-exposure bake was performed on poly(4-t-butoxycarbonyloxystyrene) PTBOCST resist, imprinted by deep ultraviolet lithography with a line∕space pattern of 1.10μm∕0.87μm followed by a postexposed bake, and chemical contrast was obtained by measuring the x-ray absorption at an energy of 290.5 eV.Abstract:
Scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (STXM) is shown to be a powerful imaging technique that provides chemical selectivity and high spatial resolution (∼35nm) for studying chemically amplified photoresists. Samples of poly(4-t-butoxycarbonyloxystyrene) PTBOCST resist, imprinted by deep ultraviolet lithography with a line∕space pattern of 1.10μm∕0.87μm followed by a post-exposure bake, are used to demonstrate STXM imaging capabilities to extract photoresist latent images. Chemical contrast is obtained by measuring the x-ray absorption at an energy of 290.5 eV, corresponding to a carbon K shell electronic transition to the unoccupied π* molecular orbital of the PTBOCST carbonyl group. A quantitative analysis provides the spatial distribution of the fraction of the unexposed and deprotected polymers remaining after the post-exposure bake stage as well as the thickness of both regions. Both chemical and topographical contributions to the total contrast are estimated. Advantages and limitations of STXM in co...read more
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Electron beam exposure mechanisms in hydrogen silsesquioxane investigated by vibrational spectroscopy and in-situ electron beam induced desorption
TL;DR: In this article, the exposure mechanism of HSQ was investigated using vibrational spectroscopy (both Raman and Fourier transform Infrared) and electron beam desorption spectrocscopy (EBDS).
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Basic Research Needs for Clean and Efficient Combustion of 21st Century Transportation Fuels
A. McIlroy,G. McRae,Volker Sick,D. L. Siebers,C. K. Westbrook,P. J. Smith,Craig A. Taatjes,A. Trouve,Al Wagner,E. Rohlfing,D. Manley,F. Tully,R. Hilderbrandt,William H. Green,D. Marceau,J. O'Neal,M. Lyday,F. Cebulski,T. R. Garcia,D. Strong +19 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify basic research needs and opportunities underlying utilization of evolving transportation fuels, with a focus on new or emerging science challenges that have the potential for significant long-term impact on fuel efficiency and emissions.
Journal Article
Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy: Applications in Atmospheric Aerosol Research
TL;DR: A survey of scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (STXM) and NEXAFS applications in other environmental fields (and magnetic materials) is presented in this article, where an introduction to this technique in a manner approachable to non-experts.
Soft x-ray spectromicroscopy development for materials science at the Advanced Light Source
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the development and use of a variety of synchrotron radiation spectroscopy instruments, some of which are already operational at the Advanced Light Source (ALS).
Journal ArticleDOI
Super-resolution optical measurement of nanoscale photoacid distribution in lithographic materials.
TL;DR: This work demonstrates a method using photoactivation localization microscopy (PALM) in a soft-material system, with a rhodamine-lactam dye that is activated by both ultraviolet light and protonation, to reveal the nanoscale photoacid distribution in a model photoresist.
References
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Near-field probing of vibrational absorption for chemical microscopy
Bernhard Knoll,Fritz Keilmann +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate the use of the apertureless approach to scan near field optical microscopy to obtain contrast in vibrational absorption on a scale of about 100 nanometres, about one-hundredth of a wavelength.
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A. L. D. Kilcoyne,Tolek Tyliszczak,Tolek Tyliszczak,W. F. Steele,Sirine C. Fakra,P. Hitchcock,P. Hitchcock,K. Franck,Erik H. Anderson,Bruce Harteneck,Ed G. Rightor,G. E. Mitchell,Adam P. Hitchcock,L. Yang,Tony Warwick,Harald Ade +15 more
TL;DR: Two new soft X-ray scanning transmission microscopes located at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) have been designed, built and commissioned and interferometer control implemented in both microscopes allows the precise measurement of the transverse position of the zone plate relative to the sample.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemical contrast in X-ray microscopy and spatially resolved XANES spectroscopy of organic specimens
TL;DR: The scanning transmission x-ray microscope at the National Synchrotron Light Source has been used to record XANES spectra from 0.01-square-micrometer regions of organic specimens to identify and map separate phases in various polymer blends and to map the DNA distribution in chromosomes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Determination of intramolecular bond lengths in gas phase molecules from K shell shape resonances
TL;DR: In this article, a systematic analysis of K shell excitation spectra of gas phase molecules containing B, C, N, O, and F reveals a correlation between the position of a characteristic K shell feature, the σ shape resonance, and the intramolecular bond length.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of the effects of soft x-ray irradiation on polymers
TL;DR: In this article, the physical and chemical effects of soft X-ray irradiation of polymers have been systematically evaluated for photon energies just above the C 1s binding energy, and a method for quantifying this radiation damage was proposed to characterize the loss of mass and loss of carbonyl group functionality.