Open AccessBook
Chronic hepatitis B : an update
Naoky C. S. Tsai,Norman Gitlin +1 more
TLDR
A group of experts in this field is assembled to present their expertise in such a level, where the practicing clinicians who deal with this disease in their daily practice can understand thereby implement this knowledge into their own practice.Abstract:
A recent Institute of Medicine report has concluded that 'there is a lack of knowledge and awareness about chronic viral hepatitis on the part of health-care and social-service providers, as well as among at-risk populations, members of the public, and policy-makers. Due to the insufficient understanding about the extent and seriousness of this public-health problem, inadequate public resources are being allocated to prevention, control, and surveillance programs'. It is with these concerns in mind that Dr. Tsai assembled a group of experts in this field to present their expertise in such a level, where the practicing clinicians who deal with this disease in their daily practice can understand thereby implement this knowledge into their own practice. Dr. Brian McMahon discusses the natural history of chronic hepatitis B with his vast knowledge and experience working with the high endemic population of Inuit in Alaska. Drs. Marc Ghany and Ed provide a very easy-to-understand description of HBV virology. Dr. Kyon-Mi Chang contributes an article on HBV immunology, which is the least understood area of this disease but has the most potential to improve our knowledge in the management of chronic hepatitis B. Dr. Anna Lok provides an authoritative review on the current issues and controversies of treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Dr. Stephen Locarnini, who has extensive experience in anti-viral resistance and its management, presents important issues in the usage of currently available anti-viral oral agents. Dr. Myron Tong discusses the current understanding of HBV carcinogenesis and updates HCC surveillance and treatment - the most dreadful outcome of this disease. Dr. Paul Martin discusses management of end- stage chronic hepatitis B - anti-viral therapy, montherapy vs combo therapy, choice of agent, when to start therapy and post-transplant patients including duration of HBIG therapy, HBcAb(+)only recipient) and Occult HBV infection. Dr. Tram Tran discusses the treatment in reproductive women, during pregnancy, and prevention of vertical transmission in third trimester with antiviral agents - an area with significant lack of good clinical evidence. Dr. Steve Han discusses management of patients with acute hepatitis B, co-infection with HDV/HCV/HIV, pre-immuno-suppressive therapy, and management of renal and heart transplant patients with HBV infection. Dr. Mei Huei Chang discusses Taiwanese success in implementing universal vaccination leading to a remarkable reduction in both prevalence of chronic hepatitis B and incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Finally Drs. Michelle Lai and Yun Fan Liaw provide a rundown of what we have accomplished and the hope for the future in our fight to control this disease.read more
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Hepatitis B virus hijacks CTHRC1 to evade host immunity and maintain replication
Lan Bai,Wei Zhang,Li Tan,Hongchuan Yang,Maolin Ge,Chengliang Zhu,Rui Zhang,Yanhua Cao,Junbo Chen,Zhen Luo,Wenzhe Ho,Fang Liu,Kailang Wu,Jianguo Wu +13 more
TL;DR: The results show that HBV uses a novel mechanism to hijack cellular factors and signal cascades in order to evade host antiviral immunity and maintain persistent infection.
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Genome-wide association study of chronic hepatitis B virus infection reveals a novel candidate risk allele on 11q22.3
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TL;DR: This first genome-wide association study in an Arab population further demonstrates the utility of this approach in elucidating the genetic risk of HBV infection-related complications and highlights the advantage of conducting GWAS in different ethnicities to achieve that goal.
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The Early Results of a New Health Care Program Implementation in HBV Screening: an Iranian Experience
Afsaneh Sharifian,Nostratollah Naderi,Azar Sanati,Seyed Reza Mohebi,Pedram Azimzadeh,Ali Golmohamadi,Simin Nori,Mahsa Khanyaghma,Farshad Sheikhesmaeili,Mohamad Reza Zali +9 more
TL;DR: Although health system is active about screening of hepatitis B virus infection in high risk populations, it seems that health system needs to upgrade the screening and management programs of HBV infection.
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Characterization of Treatment-Naive HIV/HBV Co-Infected Patients Attending ART Clinic of a Tertiary Healthcare Centre in Eastern India
Debraj Saha,Ananya Pal,Avik Biswas,Rajesh Panigrahi,Neelakshi Sarkar,Jayeeta Sarkar,Manisha Pal,Subhasish Kamal Guha,Bibhuti Saha,Sekhar Chakrabarti,Runu Chakravarty +10 more
TL;DR: The prevalence of HIV/HBV co-infection was relatively higher in the study subjects and pre-treatment screening for anti-HBV drug resistant mutations is not necessary before ART initiation.