Open AccessBook
Chronic hepatitis B : an update
Naoky C. S. Tsai,Norman Gitlin +1 more
TLDR
A group of experts in this field is assembled to present their expertise in such a level, where the practicing clinicians who deal with this disease in their daily practice can understand thereby implement this knowledge into their own practice.Abstract:
A recent Institute of Medicine report has concluded that 'there is a lack of knowledge and awareness about chronic viral hepatitis on the part of health-care and social-service providers, as well as among at-risk populations, members of the public, and policy-makers. Due to the insufficient understanding about the extent and seriousness of this public-health problem, inadequate public resources are being allocated to prevention, control, and surveillance programs'. It is with these concerns in mind that Dr. Tsai assembled a group of experts in this field to present their expertise in such a level, where the practicing clinicians who deal with this disease in their daily practice can understand thereby implement this knowledge into their own practice. Dr. Brian McMahon discusses the natural history of chronic hepatitis B with his vast knowledge and experience working with the high endemic population of Inuit in Alaska. Drs. Marc Ghany and Ed provide a very easy-to-understand description of HBV virology. Dr. Kyon-Mi Chang contributes an article on HBV immunology, which is the least understood area of this disease but has the most potential to improve our knowledge in the management of chronic hepatitis B. Dr. Anna Lok provides an authoritative review on the current issues and controversies of treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Dr. Stephen Locarnini, who has extensive experience in anti-viral resistance and its management, presents important issues in the usage of currently available anti-viral oral agents. Dr. Myron Tong discusses the current understanding of HBV carcinogenesis and updates HCC surveillance and treatment - the most dreadful outcome of this disease. Dr. Paul Martin discusses management of end- stage chronic hepatitis B - anti-viral therapy, montherapy vs combo therapy, choice of agent, when to start therapy and post-transplant patients including duration of HBIG therapy, HBcAb(+)only recipient) and Occult HBV infection. Dr. Tram Tran discusses the treatment in reproductive women, during pregnancy, and prevention of vertical transmission in third trimester with antiviral agents - an area with significant lack of good clinical evidence. Dr. Steve Han discusses management of patients with acute hepatitis B, co-infection with HDV/HCV/HIV, pre-immuno-suppressive therapy, and management of renal and heart transplant patients with HBV infection. Dr. Mei Huei Chang discusses Taiwanese success in implementing universal vaccination leading to a remarkable reduction in both prevalence of chronic hepatitis B and incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Finally Drs. Michelle Lai and Yun Fan Liaw provide a rundown of what we have accomplished and the hope for the future in our fight to control this disease.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Serum hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e antigen titers: disease phase influences correlation with viral load and intrahepatic hepatitis B virus markers
Alexander J. Thompson,Tin Nguyen,D. Iser,D. Iser,Anna Ayres,Kathy Jackson,Margaret Littlejohn,John Slavin,Scott Bowden,Edward Gane,William G. H. Abbott,George K. K. Lau,Sharon R Lewin,Sharon R Lewin,Sharon R Lewin,Kumar Visvanathan,Kumar Visvanathan,Paul V. Desmond,Stephen Locarnini +18 more
TL;DR: The correlation between quantitative HBsAg titer and serum and intrahepatic markers of HBV replication differs between patients with H beAg‐positive and HBeAg‐negative CHB, providing new insights into viral pathogenesis and have practical implications for the use of quantitative serology as a clinical biomarker.
Journal ArticleDOI
Introduction to the revised American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases position paper on acute liver failure 2011
TL;DR: Fulminant Wilson's disease can be diagnosed most effectively not by waiting for copper levels (too slow to obtain) or by obtaining ceruloplasmin levels (low in half of all ALF patients, regardless of etiology), but by simply looking for the more readily available bilirubin level and alkaline phosphatase (ALP; very low).
Journal ArticleDOI
Antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B viral infection in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Anna S.F. Lok,Brian J. McMahon,Robert S. Brown,John B. Wong,Ahmed T. Ahmed,Wigdan Farah,Jehad Almasri,Fares Alahdab,Khalid Benkhadra,Mohamed A. Mouchli,Siddharth Singh,Essa A. Mohamed,Abd Moain Abu Dabrh,Larry J. Prokop,Zhen Wang,Mohammad Hassan Murad,Khaled Mohammed +16 more
TL;DR: Most of the current literature focuses on the immune active phases of chronic HBV infection; decision‐making in other commonly encountered and challenging clinical settings depends on indirect evidence.
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Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B: Assessment and modification with current antiviral therapy
George V. Papatheodoridis,Henry Lik-Yuen Chan,Bettina E. Hansen,Harry L.A. Janssen,Harry L.A. Janssen,Pietro Lampertico +5 more
TL;DR: Overall, data indicate that with the current, potent NAs, HCC risk can be reduced but not eliminated, probably due to risk factors that are not amenable to change by antiviral therapy, or events that may have taken place before treatment initiation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tenofovir alafenamide versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for the treatment of patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3, non-inferiority trial
Maria Buti,Edward Gane,Wai-Kay Seto,Henry Lik-Yuen Chan,Wan-Long Chuang,Tatjana Stepanova,Aric J. Hui,Young-Suk Lim,R. Mehta,Harry L. A. Janssen,Subrat K. Acharya,John F. Flaherty,Benedetta Massetto,Andrea L. Cathcart,Kyungpil Kim,Anuj Gaggar,G. Mani Subramanian,John G. McHutchison,Calvin Q. Pan,Maurizia Rossana Brunetto,Namiki Izumi,Patrick Marcellin +21 more
TL;DR: The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients who had HBV DNA less than 29 IU/mL at week 48 in those who received at least one dose of study drug; the study was powered to show non-inferiority with a 10% efficacy margin of tenofovir alafenamide compared with ten ofovir disoproxil fumarate.