Clostridium difficile infection in older adults.
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TLDR
Strategies to prevent C. difficile infections include enhanced infection control measures and reducing inappropriate antimicrobial use through stewardship.Abstract:
Clostridium difficile infection, the most frequent cause of nosocomial diarrhea, disproportionately affects older adults. The two most important risk factors for developing C. difficile infection are antimicrobial exposure and age >65 years old. Risk factors specific to older adults are frequent interactions with healthcare systems and age-related changes in physiology, including immune senescence and changes to the gut microbiome. Metronidazole and oral vancomcyin are the mainstays of conventional treatment for C. difficile infection. Alternative therapies include fidaxomicin, a narrow-spectrum macrocyclic antibiotic, and fectal bacteriotherapy, which offers an excellent therapeutic outcome. Strategies to prevent C. difficile infections include enhanced infection control measures and reducing inappropriate antimicrobial use through stewardship.read more
Citations
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Gut microbiota: A player in aging and a target for anti-aging intervention
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Trends and Patterns of Differences in Infectious Disease Mortality Among US Counties, 1980-2014.
Charbel El Bcheraoui,Ali H. Mokdad,Laura Dwyer-Lindgren,Amelia Bertozzi-Villa,Rebecca W. Stubbs,Chloe Morozoff,Shreya Shirude,Mohsen Naghavi,Christopher J L Murray +8 more
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The Gastric and Intestinal Microbiome: Role of Proton Pump Inhibitors
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Clostridium and bacillus binary enterotoxins: bad for the bowels, and eukaryotic being.
Bradley G. Stiles,Kisha Pradhan,Jodie M. Fleming,Ramar Perumal Samy,Holger Barth,Michel R. Popoff +5 more
TL;DR: Important aspects of each bacterium and binary enterotoxin will be highlighted in this review, with particular focus upon the disease process involving the biochemistry and modes of action for each toxin.
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Infectious Diseases in Older Adults of Long-Term Care Facilities: Update on Approach to Diagnosis and Management.
Robin L.P. Jump,Robin L.P. Jump,Christopher J. Crnich,Christopher J. Crnich,Lona Mody,Lona Mody,Suzanne F. Bradley,Suzanne F. Bradley,Lindsay E. Nicolle,Thomas T. Yoshikawa,Thomas T. Yoshikawa,Thomas T. Yoshikawa +11 more
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References
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Duodenal Infusion of Donor Feces for Recurrent Clostridium difficile
Els van Nood,A. Vrieze,Max Nieuwdorp,Susana Fuentes,Erwin G. Zoetendal,Willem M. de Vos,Caroline E. Visser,Ed J. Kuijper,Peter Speelman,Josbert J. Keller +9 more
TL;DR: The infusion of donor feces was significantly more effective for the treatment of recurrent C. difficile infection than the use of vancomycin and patients showed increased fecal bacterial diversity, similar to that in healthy donors, with an increase in Bacteroidetes species and clostridium clusters IV and XIVa and a decrease in Proteobacteria species.
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Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults: 2010 Update by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)
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TL;DR: This guideline updates recommendations regarding epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and infection control and environmental management of Clostridium difficile.
Journal ArticleDOI
Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America Guidelines for Developing an Institutional Program to Enhance Antimicrobial Stewardship
Timothy H. Dellit,Robert C. Owens,John E. McGowan,Dale N. Gerding,Robert A. Weinstein,John P. Burke,W. Charles Huskins,David L. Paterson,Neil O. Fishman,Christopher F. Carpenter,Patrick J. Brennan,Marianne Billeter,Thomas M. Hooton +12 more
TL;DR: This research presents a meta-analysis of 125 cases of central giant cell apoptosis, a type of cell death that is known as a “cell death” and which has been associated with Parkinson’s disease for more than 40 years.
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An epidemic, toxin gene-variant strain of Clostridium difficile.
L. Clifford McDonald,George Killgore,Angela Thompson,Robert C. Owens,Sophia Kazakova,Susan P. Sambol,Stuart Johnson,Dale N. Gerding +7 more
TL;DR: A previously uncommon strain of C. difficile with variations in toxin genes has become more resistant to fluoroquinolones and has emerged as a cause of geographically dispersed outbreaks of C.'s Difficile-associated disease.
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A predominantly clonal multi-institutional outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality.
Vivian G. Loo,Louise Poirier,Mark A. Miller,Matthew Oughton,Michael Libman,Sophie Michaud,Anne-Marie Bourgault,Tuyen Nguyen,Charles Frenette,Mirabelle Kelly,Anne Vibien,Paul Brassard,Susan Fenn,Ken Dewar,Thomas J. Hudson,Ruth Horn,Pierre René,Yury Monczak,Andre Dascal +18 more
TL;DR: A strain of C. difficile that was resistant to fluoroquinolones and had binary toxin and a partial deletion of the tcdC gene was responsible for this outbreak ofC.difficile-associated diarrhea.