Journal ArticleDOI
Colorectal Cancer Epigenetics: Complex Simplicity
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TLDR
It appears that CRC epigenetics will be the paradigm for multistep carcinogenesis, as CRC genetics has been for the past three decades, and the understanding of these processes will alter the management of CRC.Abstract:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has predominantly been considered a genetic disease, characterized by sequential accumulation of genetic alterations. Growing evidence indicates that epigenetic alterations add an additional layer of complexity to the pathogenesis of CRC, and characterize a subgroup of colorectal cancers with a distinct etiology and prognosis. Epigenetic dysregulation in colorectal cancer is organized at multiple levels, involving DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosomal occupancy and remodeling, chromatin looping, and noncoding RNAs. Interactions between these processes and complex associations with genetic alterations have recently been unraveled. It appears that CRC epigenetics will be the paradigm for multistep carcinogenesis, as CRC genetics has been for the past three decades. This review integrates recent data on epigenetic regulation of gene expression in CRC and describes how the understanding of these processes will alter the management of CRC.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Epigenetics and colorectal cancer
TL;DR: Progress in the understanding of aberrant methylation in CRC has led to epigenetic alterations being developed as clinical biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic applications, and it is suggested that these methylated alterations will be commonly used in the near future to direct the prevention and treatment of CRC.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of colorectal cancer molecular features along bowel subsites challenges the conception of distinct dichotomy of proximal versus distal colorectum
Mai Yamauchi,Teppei Morikawa,Aya Kuchiba,Yu Imamura,Zhi Rong Qian,Reiko Nishihara,Xiaoyun Liao,Levi Waldron,Yujin Hoshida,Curtis Huttenhower,Andrew T. Chan,Edward Giovannucci,Charles S. Fuchs,Shuji Ogino +13 more
TL;DR: Novel data are presented that challenge the common conception of discrete molecular features of proximal versus distal colorectal cancers, and have a substantial impact on clinical, translational and epidemiology research, which has typically been performed with the dichotomous classification of distal tumours.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cancer immunology--analysis of host and tumor factors for personalized medicine.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss colorectal cancer as a prototypical example of cancer and discuss the effects of tumor-host interactions on clinical outcome and prognosis, which represents an evolving interdisciplinary field of molecular pathological epidemiology.
Journal ArticleDOI
Subtypes of primary colorectal tumors correlate with response to targeted treatment in colorectal cell lines
Andreas Schlicker,Garry Beran,Christine M. Chresta,Gael McWalter,Alison E. Pritchard,Susie Weston,Sarah Runswick,Sara Davenport,Kerry Heathcote,Denis Alferez Castro,George Orphanides,Tim French,Lodewyk F. A. Wessels,Lodewyk F. A. Wessels +13 more
TL;DR: A new unsupervised, iterative approach to stratify CRC tumor samples into subtypes based on genome-wide mRNA expression data is applied, which captures important features of CRC, and offers valuable insight into functional differences between CRC subtypes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rectal and colon cancer: Not just a different anatomic site
K. Tamas,Annemiek M E Walenkamp,de Elisabeth G. E. Vries,van Marcel A. Vugt,Regina G. H. Beets-Tan,B. van Etten,Derk Jan A. de Groot,G.A.P. (Geke) Hospers +7 more
TL;DR: This review focused on rectal cancer and its biological and clinical differences and similarities relative to colon cancer and the design of future trials with targeted drugs.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Chromatin Modifications and Their Function
TL;DR: The surface of nucleosomes is studded with a multiplicity of modifications that can dictate the higher-order chromatin structure in which DNA is packaged and can orchestrate the ordered recruitment of enzyme complexes to manipulate DNA.
Why Most Published Research Findings Are False
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the implications of these problems for the conduct and interpretation of research and suggest that claimed research findings may often be simply accurate measures of the prevailing bias.
Journal ArticleDOI
Why Most Published Research Findings Are False
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the implications of these problems for the conduct and interpretation of research and conclude that the probability that a research claim is true may depend on study power and bias, the number of other studies on the same question, and the ratio of true to no relationships among the relationships probed in each scientifi c fi eld.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lessons from Hereditary Colorectal Cancer
TL;DR: The authors are grateful to the members of their laboratories for their contributions to the reviewed studies and to F. Giardiello and S. Hamilton for photographs of colorectal lesions.
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