Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Conventional, Glass Powder, and Alkali-Activated Slag Concrete and Mortar
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors compared the greenhouse gas emissions, energy use, water use, and potential environmental toxicity of conventional (Conv), glass powder (GP), and alkali-activated slag (AAS) concrete and mortar and found that compared to a 35-MPa Conv concrete, a 35MPa GP concrete has, on average, 19% lower GHGs, 17% less energy, 14% less water, and 14-21% lower environmental toxicity.Abstract:
This study compares the cradle-to-gate greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs), energy use, water use, and potential environmental toxicity of conventional (Conv), glass powder (GP), and alkali-activated slag (AAS) concrete and mortar. The comparison is based on 1 m3 of concrete/mortar with similar 28-day compressive strength, so the same concrete/mortar member with same dimensions may be manufactured from Conv, GP, or AAS materials and used for same applications. The result shows that compared to a 35-MPa Conv concrete, a 35-MPa GP concrete has, on average, 19% lower GHGs, 17% less energy, 14% less water, and 14–21% lower environmental toxicity. A 35-MPa AAS concrete has 73% lower GHGs, 43% less energy, 25% less water, and 22–94% lower effects for all environmental toxicity categories except an 72% higher ecotoxicity effect. Environmental impact reductions are also found for using GP as a cement replacement in concrete with lower strengths and replacing cement with GP or AAS in mortars with different st...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Shrinkage mechanisms of alkali-activated slag
Hailong Ye,Aleksandra Radlińska +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the physical and chemical changes of alkali-activated slag (AAS) after a prolonged drying treatment under various relative humidity (RH) conditions were studied, and the shrinkage kinetics of AAS is strongly dependent on the RH, but irrespective of the moisture loss.
Journal ArticleDOI
Strength, microstructure, efflorescence behavior and environmental impacts of waste glass geopolymers cured at ambient temperature
Rui Xiao,Yuetan Ma,Xi Jiang,Xi Jiang,Miaomiao Zhang,Yiyuan Zhang,Yanhai Wang,Baoshan Huang,Qiang He +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, waste glass powder and class C fly ash (FC) were mixed at varying ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100) and activated by sodium hydroxide solutions of different concentrations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of slag content and activator dosage on the resistance of fly ash geopolymer binders to sulfuric acid attack
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of increasing slag content and activator dosage on the sulfuric acid resistance of fly ash geopolymer (GP) binders has been investigated and compared with Portland cement (PC) mix using various physical and microstructural techniques.
Journal ArticleDOI
Understanding the drying shrinkage performance of alkali-activated slag mortars
TL;DR: In this article, drying shrinkage of four alkali-activated slag mortars, prepared using various types/dosages of activator, was characterized at four different levels of relative humidity (RH) and two drying regimes (i.e., direct and step-wise drying).
Journal ArticleDOI
Shrinkage characteristics of alkali-activated slag cements
TL;DR: In this article, a preliminary study of the shrinkage deformations of various AAS mixtures, wherein four unique AAS mortars were designed and tested for autogenous, chemical, and drying shrinkage; time of setting; and compressive strength.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Life cycle assessment: Part 1: Framework, goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, and applications
Gerald Rebitzer,Tomas Ekvall,Rolf Frischknecht,D Hunkeler,Gregory A. Norris,Tomas Rydberg,W-P Schmidt,Sangwon Suh,Bo Pedersen Weidema,David Pennington +9 more
TL;DR: The LCA framework and procedure is introduced, how to define and model a product's life cycle is outlined, and an overview of available methods and tools for tabulating and compiling associated emissions and resource consumption data in a life cycle inventory (LCI) is provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Life cycle assessment: From the beginning to the current state.
TL;DR: The basic idea of LCA is that all environmental burdens connected with a product or service have to be assessed, back to the raw materials and down to waste removal, and the term “Life Cycle Assessment” is more precise than the German “Ökobilanz” or the French “écobilan”.
Book
Alkali-Activated Cements and Concretes
TL;DR: Alkali-Activated Cement and Concrete as discussed by the authors is a type of Cementitious Systems that uses Alkaline Activators to activate slag cements and lime-pozzolan cements.
Journal ArticleDOI
A life-cycle assessment of Portland cement manufacturing: comparing the traditional process with alternative technologies
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the environmental impact of four cement manufacturing processes: (1) the production of traditional Portland cement, (2) blended cement (natural pozzolans), (3) cement where 100% of waste cement kiln dust is recycled into the kiln process, and (4) Portland cement produced when CKD is used to sequester a portion of the process related CO2 emissions.
Journal ArticleDOI
TRACI the tool for the reduction and assessment of chemical and other environmental impacts
TL;DR: TRACI as discussed by the authors is a stand-alone computer program developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, which facilitates the characterization of environmental stressors that have potential effects, including ozone depletion, global warming, acidification, eutrophication, tropospheric ozone (smog) formation, ecotoxicity, human health criteria-related effects, humanhealth cancer effects and human health non-cancer effects, fossil fuel depletion, and land use effects.