Consensus recommendations on training and competing in the heat
Sebastien Racinais,Juan-Manuel Alonso,Aaron J. Coutts,Andreas D. Flouris,Olivier Girard,José González-Alonso,Christophe Hausswirth,Ollie Jay,Jason Kai Wei Lee,Jason Kai Wei Lee,Jason Kai Wei Lee,Nigel Mitchell,George P. Nassis,Lars Nybo,Babette M Pluim,Bart Roelands,Michael N. Sawka,Jonathan E. Wingo,Julien D. Périard +18 more
TLDR
Following the recent examples of the 2008 Olympics and the 2014 FIFA World Cup, sport governing bodies should consider allowing additional recovery periods between and during events, for hydration and body cooling opportunities, when competitions are held in the heat.Abstract:
Exercising in the heat induces thermoregulatory and other physiological strain that can lead to impairments in endurance exercise capacity. The purpose of this consensus statement is to provide up-to-date recommendations to optimise performance during sporting activities undertaken in hot ambient conditions. The most important intervention one can adopt to reduce physiological strain and optimise performance is to heat acclimatise. Heat acclimatisation should comprise repeated exercise-heat exposures over 1–2 weeks. In addition, athletes should initiate competition and training in a euhydrated state and minimise dehydration during exercise. Following the development of commercial cooling systems (eg, cooling-vest), athletes can implement cooling strategies to facilitate heat loss or increase heat storage capacity before training or competing in the heat. Moreover, event organisers should plan for large shaded areas, along with cooling and rehydration facilities, and schedule events in accordance with minimising the health risks of athletes, especially in mass participation events and during the first hot days of the year. Following the recent examples of the 2008 Olympics and the 2014 FIFA World Cup, sport governing bodies should consider allowing additional (or longer) recovery periods between and during events, for hydration and body cooling opportunities, when competitions are held in the heat.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Effects of Heat Adaptation on Physiology, Perception and Exercise Performance in the Heat: A Meta-Analysis.
TL;DR: HA regimens lasting <14 days induce many beneficial physiological and perceptual adaptations to high ambient temperatures, and improve subsequent exercise performance and capacity in the heat; however, the extent of the adaptations is greatest when HA regimenslasting longer than 14 days are adopted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Limitations to Thermoregulation and Acclimatization Challenge Human Adaptation to Global Warming
Elizabeth G. Hanna,Peter W. Tait +1 more
TL;DR: The physiological and external environmental factors that determine human thermoregulation and acclimatization are detailed and a model is presented to illustrate the interrelationship between elements that modulate the physiological process of thermoreGulation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Heat Acclimation Decay and Re-Induction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
TL;DR: HAD and HRA differ considerably between physiological systems; five or more HA days are sufficient to cause adaptations in HR and Tc; however, extending the daily heat exposure duration enhances Tc adaptations.
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Fluid Balance in Team Sport Athletes and the Effect of Hypohydration on Cognitive, Technical, and Physical Performance
TL;DR: More research is needed to develop valid, reliable, and sensitive sport-specific protocols and should be used in future studies to determine the effects of hypohydration and modifying factors (e.g., age, sex, athlete caliber) on team sport performance.
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The association of environmental heat stress with performance: analysis of the 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil
TL;DR: Top-level players seem to modulate their activity pattern during matches in a hot and humid environment to preserve the global match characteristics.
References
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Influence of body temperature on the development of fatigue during prolonged exercise in the heat
José González-Alonso,Christina Teller,Signe Lindgaard Andersen,Frank Jensen,Tino Hoffmann Hyldig,Bodil Nielsen +5 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that high internal body temperature per se causes fatigue in trained subjects during prolonged exercise in uncompensable hot environments and time to exhaustion in hot environments is inversely related to the initial temperature and directly related toThe rate of heat storage.