Considerations of circadian impact for defining 'shift work' in cancer studies: IARC working group report
Richard G. Stevens,Johnni Hansen,Giovanni Costa,Erhard Haus,Timo Kauppinen,Kristan J. Aronson,Gemma Castaño-Vinyals,Scott Davis,Monique H. W. Frings-Dresen,Lin Fritschi,Manolis Kogevinas,Kazutaka Kogi,Jenny Anne S. Lie,Arne Lowden,Beata Peplonska,Beate Pesch,Eero Pukkala,Eva S. Schernhammer,Ruth C. Travis,Roel Vermeulen,Tongzhang Zheng,Vincent Cogliano,Kurt Straif +22 more
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TLDR
It is recognised that for further domains of non-day shifts and shift schedules to be identified, more research needs to be conducted on the impact of various shift schedules and routines on physiological and circadian rhythms of workers in real-world environments.Abstract:
Based on the idea that electric light at night might account for a portion of the high and rising risk of breast cancer worldwide, it was predicted long ago that women working a non-day shift would be at higher risk compared with day-working women. This hypothesis has been extended more recently to prostate cancer. On the basis of limited human evidence and sufficient evidence in experimental animals, in 2007 the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified 'shift work that involves circadian disruption' as a probable human carcinogen, group 2A. A limitation of the epidemiological studies carried out to date is in the definition of 'shift work.' IARC convened a workshop in April 2009 to consider how 'shift work' should be assessed and what domains of occupational history need to be quantified for more valid studies of shift work and cancer in the future. The working group identified several major domains of non-day shifts and shift schedules that should be captured in future studies: (1) shift system (start time of shift, number of hours per day, rotating or permanent, speed and direction of a rotating system, regular or irregular); (2) years on a particular non-day shift schedule (and cumulative exposure to the shift system over the subject's working life); and (3) shift intensity (time off between successive work days on the shift schedule). The group also recognised that for further domains to be identified, more research needs to be conducted on the impact of various shift schedules and routines on physiological and circadian rhythms of workers in real-world environments.read more
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Health consequences of shift work and insufficient sleep
TL;DR: Evidence shows that the effect of shift work on sleep mainly concerns acute sleep loss in connection with night shifts and early morning shifts, and Laboratory studies indicate that cardiometabolic stress and cognitive impairments are increased by shift work, as well as by sleep loss.
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Association between light at night, melatonin secretion, sleep deprivation, and the internal clock: Health impacts and mechanisms of circadian disruption.
TL;DR: Countermeasures to the effects of ALAN, such as melatonin, bright light, or psychotropic drugs, have been proposed as a means to combat circadian clock disruption and improve adaptation to shift and night work.
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Shift work and cancer risk: potential mechanistic roles of circadian disruption, light at night, and sleep deprivation.
Erhard Haus,Michael H. Smolensky +1 more
TL;DR: The possible multiple and interconnected cancer-promoting mechanisms as a consequence of shift work are examined, i.e., repeated disruption of the circadian system, pineal hormone melatonin suppression by exposure to light at night, sleep-deprivation-caused impairment of the immune system, plus metabolic changes favoring obesity and generation of proinflammatory reactive oxygen species.
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Melatonin, the circadian multioscillator system and health: the need for detailed analyses of peripheral melatonin signaling.
TL;DR: It is an aim of this review to stimulate research on melatonin signaling in peripheral tissues and discriminate between direct effects of the pineal indoleamine at the target organ and others mediated by modulation of oscillators.
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Association Between Rotating Night Shift Work and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Among Women
Céline Vetter,Elizabeth E. Devore,Lani R. Wegrzyn,Jennifer Massa,Frank E. Speizer,Ichiro Kawachi,Bernard Rosner,Meir J. Stampfer,Eva S. Schernhammer +8 more
TL;DR: Among women who worked as registered nurses, longer duration of rotating night shift work was associated with a statistically significant but small absolute increase in CHD risk, and further research is needed to explore whether the association is related to specific work hours and individual characteristics.
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