Journal ArticleDOI
Control Strategies for Tuberculosis Epidemics: New Models for Old Problems
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TLDR
A theoretical framework for designing effective control strategies is developed and used to determine treatment levels for eradication, to assess the effects of noneradicating control, and to examine the global goals of the World Health Organization.Abstract:
Tuberculosis, although preventable and curable, causes more adult deaths than any other infectious disease. A theoretical framework for designing effective control strategies is developed and used to determine treatment levels for eradication, to assess the effects of noneradicating control, and to examine the global goals of the World Health Organization. The theory is extended to assess how suboptimal control programs contribute to the evolution of drug resistance. A new evaluation criterion is defined and used to suggest how control strategies can be improved. In order to control tuberculosis, treatment failure rates must be lower in developing countries than in developed countries.read more
Citations
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Reproduction numbers and sub-threshold endemic equilibria for compartmental models of disease transmission
TL;DR: A precise definition of the basic reproduction number, R0, is presented for a general compartmental disease transmission model based on a system of ordinary differential equations and it is shown that, if R0<1, then the disease free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable; whereas if R 0>1,Then it is unstable.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multicolor Spectral Karyotyping of Human Chromosomes
Evelin Schröck,S du Manoir,T Veldman,B Schoell,Johannes Wienberg,Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith,Yi Ning,David H. Ledbetter,Irit Bar-Am,D. Soenksen,Yuval Garini,Thomas Ried +11 more
TL;DR: Whole-genome scanning by spectral karyotyping allowed instantaneous visualization of defined emission spectra for each human chromosome after fluorescence in situ hybridization, and all human chromosomes were simultaneously identified.
Journal ArticleDOI
Self-Assembly of CdSe−ZnS Quantum Dot Bioconjugates Using an Engineered Recombinant Protein
Hedi Mattoussi,J. Matthew Mauro,Ellen R. Goldman,George M. Anderson,Vikram C. Sundar,and Frederic V. Mikulec,Moungi G. Bawendi +6 more
TL;DR: A novel and direct method is described for conjugating protein molecules to luminescent CdSe−ZnS core−shell nanocrystals (Quantum Dots) for use as bioactive fluorescent probes in sensing, imaging, immunoassay, and other diagnostics applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dynamical models of tuberculosis and their applications.
TL;DR: Questions addressed by these models mainly concentrate on TB control strategies, optimal vaccination policies, approaches toward the elimination of TB in the U.S.A., TB co-infection with HIV/AIDS, drug-resistant TB, responses of the immune system, impacts of demography, the role of public transportation systems, and the impact of contact patterns.
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Restricted structural gene polymorphism in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex indicates evolutionarily recent global dissemination
Srinand Sreevatsan,Xi Pan,Kathryn E. Stockbauer,Nancy D. Connell,Barry N. Kreiswirth,Thomas S. Whittam,James M. Musser +6 more
TL;DR: Sequence analysis of two megabases in 26 structural genes or loci in strains recovered globally discovered a striking reduction of silent nucleotide substitutions compared with other human bacterial pathogens, indicating that M. tuberculosis is evolutionarily young and has recently spread globally.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Tuberculosis: commentary on a reemergent killer.
TL;DR: The economic costs of not adequately addressing the problem of tuberculosis in this country are estimated from an epidemiological model.
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The global tuberculosis situation and the new control strategy of the World Health Organization.
TL;DR: In 1989/90 the WHO Tuberculosis Unit undertook a special study to determine the nature and magnitude of the global tuberculosis problem by reviewing the official statistics and the available data from both published and unpublished field studies as mentioned in this paper.
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Treatment of 171 Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Resistant to Isoniazid and Rifampin
TL;DR: For patients with pulmonary tuberculosis that is resistant to rifampin and isoniazid, even the best available treatment is often unsuccessful, and only about half of such patients eventually have negative sputum cultures despite carefully selected regimens administered for extended periods.
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Treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
TL;DR: Enhanced federal, state, and local programs for prevention and control are urgently needed, and research to identify new medications and systems for their delivery is essential.
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Resurgent Tuberculosis in New York City: Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Homelessness, and the Decline of Tuberculosis Control Programs
Karen Brudney,Jay F. Dobkin +1 more
TL;DR: The resurgence of tuberculosis in New York City has been largely attributed to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, however, historical events predating the advent of AIDS and worsening economic and social conditions, including a rise in homelessness, have contributed significantly to the increase.