Journal ArticleDOI
Deep-ocean mineral deposits as a source of critical metals for high- and green-technology applications: Comparison with land-based resources
TLDR
In this paper, the authors compare the grades and tonnages of nodules and crusts in those two areas with the global terrestrial reserves and resources, and compare the two largest existing land-based REE mines, Bayan Obo in China and Mountain Pass in the USA.About:
This article is published in Ore Geology Reviews.The article was published on 2013-06-01. It has received 608 citations till now.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Mining Critical Metals and Elements from Seawater: Opportunities and Challenges
TL;DR: This feature article discusses the opportunities and challenges of mining critical metals and elements from seawater and provides an outlook of the future of metal mining and resource recovery from seaw water.
Journal ArticleDOI
Towards a low-carbon society: A review of lithium resource availability, challenges and innovations in mining, extraction and recycling, and future perspectives
Carlito Baltazar Tabelin,J.A. Dallas,Sophia Casanova,Timothy M. Pelech,Ghislain Bournival,Serkan Saydam,Ismet Canbulat +6 more
TL;DR: The demand for lithium has skyrocketed in recent years primarily due to three international treaties (Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement and UN Sustainable Development Goals) as mentioned in this paper, all of which are pushing for the integration of more renewable energy and clean storage technologies in the transportation and electric power sectors to curb CO2 emissions and limit the adverse effects of CO2-promoted climate change.
Journal ArticleDOI
The social and environmental complexities of extracting energy transition metals
Éléonore Lèbre,Martin Stringer,Kamila Svobodova,John R. Owen,Deanna Kemp,Claire M. Cote,Andrea Arratia-Solar,Rick Valenta +7 more
TL;DR: It is shown that 84% of platinum resources and 70% of cobalt resources are located in high-risk contexts, and major metals like iron and copper are set to disturb more land, reflecting heightened demand.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global Oceans Governance: New and Emerging Issues
Lisa M. Campbell,Noella J. Gray,Luke Fairbanks,Jennifer J. Silver,Rebecca L. Gruby,Bradford A. Dubik,Xavier Basurto +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the challenges and opportunities related to the nature of oceans and to actors involved in, the scale of, and knowledge informing their governance, in relation to nine new and emerging issues: small-scale fisheries, aquaculture, biodiversity conservation on the high seas, large marine protected areas (LMPAs), tuna fisheries, deep-sea mining, ocean acidification (OA), blue carbon (BC), and plastics pollution.
Journal ArticleDOI
The influence of suboxic diagenesis on the formation of manganese nodules in the Clarion Clipperton nodule belt of the Pacific Ocean
Anna V. Wegorzewski,Thomas Kuhn +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, ICP-OES analyses of bulk nodules from the Clarion and Clipperton Zone (CCZ) of the equatorial eastern Pacific have been analyzed to determine their chemical and mineralogical compositions.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Submarine Thermal Springs on the Galápagos Rift
John B. Corliss,Jack Dymond,Louis I. Gordon,John M. Edmond,Richard P. Von Herzen,Robert D. Ballard,Kenneth Green,David L. Williams,Arnold E. Bainbridge,Kathy Crane,Tjeerd H. van Andel +10 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that two-thirds of the heat lost from new oceanic lithosphere at the Gal�pagos Rift in the first million years may be vented from thermal springs, predominantly along the axial ridge within the rift valley.
OtherDOI
Rare earth elements: critical resources for high technology
Abstract: The rare earth elements (REE) form the largest chemically coherent group in the periodic table. Though generally unfamiliar, the REE are essential for many hundreds of applications. The versatility and specificity of the REE has given them a level of technological, environmental, and economic importance considerably greater than might be expected from their relative obscurity. The United States once was largely self-sufficient in these critical materials, but over the past decade has become dependent upon imports (fig. 1). In 1999 and 2000, more than 90% of REE required by U.S. industry came from deposits in China. Although the 15 naturally occurring REE (table 1; fig. 2) are generally similar in their geochemical properties, their individual abundances in the Earth are by no means equal. In the continental crust and its REE ore deposits, concentrations of the most and least abundant REE typically differ by two to five orders of magnitude (fig. 3). As technological applications of REE have multiplied over the past several decades, demand for several of the less abundant (and formerly quite obscure) REE has increased dramatically. The diverse nuclear, metallurgical, chemical, catalytic, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties of the REE have led to an ever increasing variety of applications. These uses range from mundane (lighter flints, glass polishing) to high-tech (phosphors, lasers, magnets, batteries, magnetic refrigeration) to futuristic (hightemperature superconductivity, safe storage and transport of hydrogen for a post-hydrocarbon economy).
Book ChapterDOI
Sea-Floor Tectonics and Submarine Hydrothermal Systems
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify a number of sites of high-temperature venting and polymetallic sulfide deposits on the seafloor of the world's oceans.
Journal ArticleDOI
Uptake of elements from seawater by ferromanganese crusts: solid-phase associations and seawater speciation
Andrea Koschinsky,James R. Hein +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a simple sorption model related to the inorganic speciation of the elements in seawater, as has been proposed in earlier models, in order to determine the host phases of 40 elements.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sequential leaching of marine ferromanganese precipitates: Genetic implications
Andrea Koschinsky,Peter Halbach +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of leaching experiments were carried out on twentyone hydrogenetic crust samples from different locations in the central Pacific and the results were compared with four crust and nodule samples of different genetic origin.
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Uptake of elements from seawater by ferromanganese crusts: solid-phase associations and seawater speciation
Andrea Koschinsky,James R. Hein +1 more