Journal ArticleDOI
Deep-ocean mineral deposits as a source of critical metals for high- and green-technology applications: Comparison with land-based resources
TLDR
In this paper, the authors compare the grades and tonnages of nodules and crusts in those two areas with the global terrestrial reserves and resources, and compare the two largest existing land-based REE mines, Bayan Obo in China and Mountain Pass in the USA.About:
This article is published in Ore Geology Reviews.The article was published on 2013-06-01. It has received 608 citations till now.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Gallium-aluminum systematics of marine hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts: Inter-oceanic differences and fractionation during scavenging
Katharina Schier,David M. Ernst,Isabela Moreno Cordeiro de Sousa,Dieter Garbe-Schönberg,Dieter Garbe-Schönberg,Thomas Kuhn,James R. Hein,Michael Bau +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the first data on the Ga-Al pair in hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts from various locations in the Pacific Ocean and from the Rio Grande Rise in the SW Atlantic were presented.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Automatic Extraction of Thickness Information from Sub-Surface Acoustic Measurements of Manganese Crusts
Umesh Neettiyath,Blair Thornton,Mehul Sangekar,Kazuo Ishii,Takumi Sato,Adrian Bodenmann,Tamaki Ura +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, a combination of image processing techniques in addition to acoustic signal processing is proposed to improve the accuracy of measurements of cobalt-rich manganese crusts (Mn-crust) in order to recognize valid measurements.
Journal ArticleDOI
Trends in the development of industrially assimilated renewable energy: the problem of resource restrictions
TL;DR: An analysis of the dynamics of the development of wind and solar energy and potential resource restrictions of the dissemination of these technologies of energy generation associated with intensive use of rare earth metals and some other mineral resources is presented in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Petrographic and geochemical characterization of the Middle‒Upper Jurassic Fe–Mn crusts and mineralizations from Monte Inici (north-western Sicily): genetic implications
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and ICP to detect micro-dendrites in the Rosso Ammonitico facies of the Tethyan Jurassic.
Journal ArticleDOI
Potential impacts of polymetallic nodule removal on deep-sea meiofauna.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the importance of nodule presence for the abundance, composition and diversity of sediment meiofauna, and evaluated the existence and composition of the nodule crevice meio-fauna in the Global Sea Mineral Resources (GSR) exploration contract area.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Submarine Thermal Springs on the Galápagos Rift
John B. Corliss,Jack Dymond,Louis I. Gordon,John M. Edmond,Richard P. Von Herzen,Robert D. Ballard,Kenneth Green,David L. Williams,Arnold E. Bainbridge,Kathy Crane,Tjeerd H. van Andel +10 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that two-thirds of the heat lost from new oceanic lithosphere at the Gal�pagos Rift in the first million years may be vented from thermal springs, predominantly along the axial ridge within the rift valley.
OtherDOI
Rare earth elements: critical resources for high technology
Abstract: The rare earth elements (REE) form the largest chemically coherent group in the periodic table. Though generally unfamiliar, the REE are essential for many hundreds of applications. The versatility and specificity of the REE has given them a level of technological, environmental, and economic importance considerably greater than might be expected from their relative obscurity. The United States once was largely self-sufficient in these critical materials, but over the past decade has become dependent upon imports (fig. 1). In 1999 and 2000, more than 90% of REE required by U.S. industry came from deposits in China. Although the 15 naturally occurring REE (table 1; fig. 2) are generally similar in their geochemical properties, their individual abundances in the Earth are by no means equal. In the continental crust and its REE ore deposits, concentrations of the most and least abundant REE typically differ by two to five orders of magnitude (fig. 3). As technological applications of REE have multiplied over the past several decades, demand for several of the less abundant (and formerly quite obscure) REE has increased dramatically. The diverse nuclear, metallurgical, chemical, catalytic, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties of the REE have led to an ever increasing variety of applications. These uses range from mundane (lighter flints, glass polishing) to high-tech (phosphors, lasers, magnets, batteries, magnetic refrigeration) to futuristic (hightemperature superconductivity, safe storage and transport of hydrogen for a post-hydrocarbon economy).
Book ChapterDOI
Sea-Floor Tectonics and Submarine Hydrothermal Systems
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify a number of sites of high-temperature venting and polymetallic sulfide deposits on the seafloor of the world's oceans.
Journal ArticleDOI
Uptake of elements from seawater by ferromanganese crusts: solid-phase associations and seawater speciation
Andrea Koschinsky,James R. Hein +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a simple sorption model related to the inorganic speciation of the elements in seawater, as has been proposed in earlier models, in order to determine the host phases of 40 elements.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sequential leaching of marine ferromanganese precipitates: Genetic implications
Andrea Koschinsky,Peter Halbach +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of leaching experiments were carried out on twentyone hydrogenetic crust samples from different locations in the central Pacific and the results were compared with four crust and nodule samples of different genetic origin.
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Uptake of elements from seawater by ferromanganese crusts: solid-phase associations and seawater speciation
Andrea Koschinsky,James R. Hein +1 more