Diagnosis of leishmaniasis
Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy,Antonio Sampedro Martínez,Javier Rodriguez-Granger,Yannick Hoyos-Mallecot,Ahamd Agil,Jose Mari Navarro Mari,José Gutiérrez Fernández +6 more
TLDR
The current state of the diagnostic tools for leishmaniasis are reviewed, especially the serological test, which is required for accurate diagnosis in immunocompromised patients such as those infected with HIV.Abstract:
Leishmaniasis is a clinically heterogeneous syndrome caused by intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. The clinical spectrum of leishmaniasis encompasses subclinical ( not apparent), localized (skin lesion), and disseminated (cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral) infection. This spectrum of manifestations depends on the immune status of the host, on the parasite, and on immunoinflammatory responses. Visceral leishmaniasis causes high morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Reliable laboratory methods become mandatory for accurate diagnosis, especially in immunocompromised patients such as those infected with HIV. In this article, we review the current state of the diagnostic tools for leishmaniasis, especially the serological test.read more
Citations
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Recent updates and perspectives on leishmaniasis
TL;DR: The diagnostic, chemotherapeutic, and immunizing strategies to control leishmaniasis are highlighted, though no human vaccine is commercially available currently owing to the complexity of the cellular immune response to this parasite.
Journal ArticleDOI
Major Parasitic Zoonoses Associated with Dogs and Cats in Europe
Gad Baneth,S.M. Thamsborg,Domenico Otranto,Jacques Guillot,R. Blaga,Peter Deplazes,Laia Solano-Gallego +6 more
TL;DR: The main parasitic zoonoses in Europe related to dogs and cats are described, with particular emphasis on their current epidemiology, with an emphasis on parasite life cycle, transmission, pathogenicity, prevention and identification of knowledge gaps.
Journal ArticleDOI
Identification of Proteins in Promastigote and Amastigote-like Leishmania Using an Immunoproteomic Approach
Vinicio T.S. Coelho,Jamil S. Oliveira,Diogo G. Valadares,Miguel A. Chávez-Fumagalli,Mariana C. Duarte,Paula S. Lage,Manuel Soto,Marcelo M. Santoro,Carlos Alberto Pereira Tavares,Ana Paula Fernandes,Eduardo A.F. Coelho +10 more
TL;DR: A significant contribution not only in identifying stage-specific L. infantum molecules, but also in revealing the expression of a large number of hypothetical proteins that constitute a significant source of information for the improvement of diagnostic tools and/or vaccine development to VL.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mobile suitcase laboratory for rapid detection of Leishmania donovani using recombinase polymerase amplification assay.
Dinesh Mondal,Prakash Ghosh,Anik Ashfaq Khan,Faria Hossain,Susanne Böhlken-Fascher,Greg Matlashewski,Axel Kroeger,Piero Olliaro,Piero Olliaro,Ahmed Abd El Wahed +9 more
TL;DR: The mobile suitcase laboratory using RPA is ideal for rapid sensitive and specific detection of LD especially at low resource settings and could contribute to VL control and elimination programmes.
Journal Article
Laboratory diagnosis of human visceral leishmaniasis.
TL;DR: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has been shown to be superior than conventional PCR for the differentiation between active VL and asymptomatic infections, such as for the detection of VL-HIV coinfection.
References
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Leishmaniasis Worldwide and Global Estimates of Its Incidence
Jorge Alvar,Iván D. Vélez,Iván D. Vélez,Caryn Bern,Mercè Herrero,Philippe Desjeux,Jorge Cano,Jean Jannin,Margriet den Boer +8 more
TL;DR: Visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence ranges were estimated by country and epidemiological region based on reported incidence, underreporting rates if available, and the judgment of national and international experts.
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Visceral leishmaniasis: what are the needs for diagnosis, treatment and control?
François Chappuis,François Chappuis,Shyam Sundar,Asrat Hailu,H. W. Ghalib,Suman Rijal,Rosanna W. Peeling,Jorge Alvar,Marleen Boelaert +8 more
TL;DR: Millefosine, paromomycin and liposomal amphotericin B are gradually replacing pentavalent antimonials and conventional amphoteric in B as the preferred treatments in some regions, but in other areas these drugs are still being evaluated in both mono- and combination therapies.
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The Relationship between Leishmaniasis and AIDS: the Second 10 Years
Jorge Alvar,Pilar Aparicio,Abraham Aseffa,Margriet den Boer,Carmen Cañavate,Jean-Pierre Dedet,Luigi Gradoni,Rachel ter Horst,Rogelio López-Vélez,Javier Moreno +9 more
TL;DR: Based on the previous experience of 20 years of coinfection in Europe, this review focuses on the management of Leishmania-HIV-coinfected patients in low-income countries where leishmaniasis is endemic.
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Leishmania and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection: the first 10 years.
Jorge Alvar,Carmen Cañavate,Beatriz Gutiérrez-Solar,Maribel Jiménez,Fernando Laguna,Rogelio López-Vélez,Ricardo Molina,Javier Moreno +7 more
TL;DR: Over 850 Leishmania-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection cases have been recorded, the majority in Europe, where 7 to 17% of HIV-positive individuals with fever have amastigotes, suggesting that Leishmanniasis-infected individuals without symptoms will express symptoms of leishmaniasis if they become immunosuppressed.
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Molecular characterization of a kinesin-related antigen of Leishmania chagasi that detects specific antibody in African and American visceral leishmaniasis.
J. M. Burns,Wayne G. Shreffler,Darin R. Benson,Hashim W. Ghalib,Roberto Badaró,Reed Steven G +5 more
TL;DR: The cloning of a Leishmania chagasi antigen gene and an evaluation of leishmaniasis patient antibody responses to the recombinant protein, rK39, show that rK 39 may replace crude parasite antigens as a basis for serological diagnosis of visceral leish maniasis.