Visceral leishmaniasis: what are the needs for diagnosis, treatment and control?
François Chappuis,François Chappuis,Shyam Sundar,Asrat Hailu,H. W. Ghalib,Suman Rijal,Rosanna W. Peeling,Jorge Alvar,Marleen Boelaert +8 more
TLDR
Millefosine, paromomycin and liposomal amphotericin B are gradually replacing pentavalent antimonials and conventional amphoteric in B as the preferred treatments in some regions, but in other areas these drugs are still being evaluated in both mono- and combination therapies.Abstract:
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a systemic protozoan disease that is transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies. Poor and neglected populations in East Africa and the Indian sub-continent are particularly affected. Early and accurate diagnosis and treatment remain key components of VL control. In addition to improved diagnostic tests, accurate and simple tests are needed to identify treatment failures. Miltefosine, paromomycin and liposomal amphotericin B are gradually replacing pentavalent antimonials and conventional amphotericin B as the preferred treatments in some regions, but in other areas these drugs are still being evaluated in both mono- and combination therapies. New diagnostic tools and new treatment strategies will only have an impact if they are made widely available to patients.read more
Citations
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Point-of-care diagnostics for global health.
TL;DR: The context in which the diagnostics must operate, some of the appropriate diagnostic technologies already in distribution, and some emerging technologies that promise to address this challenge are reviewed.
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Manson's Tropical Diseases
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Natural products: an evolving role in future drug discovery.
Bhuwan B. Mishra,Vinod K. Tiwari +1 more
TL;DR: The present review describes natural products, semi-synthetic NPs and NP-derived compounds that have undergone clinical evaluation or registration from 2005 to 2010 by disease area i.e. infectious, immunological, cardiovascular, neurological, inflammatory and related diseases and oncology.
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Miltefosine: a review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of leishmaniasis
TL;DR: The pharmacokinetics of miltefosine are mainly characterized by its long residence time in the body, resulting in extensive drug accumulation during treatment and long elimination half-lives, which severely hampers its general use in the clinic and roll-out in national elimination programmes.
Journal ArticleDOI
An exosome-based secretion pathway is responsible for protein export from Leishmania and communication with macrophages.
Judith M. Silverman,Joachim Clos,Carolina Camargo de'Oliveira,Carolina Camargo de'Oliveira,Omid Shirvani,Yuan Fang,Christine Wang,Leonard J. Foster,Neil E. Reiner,Neil E. Reiner +9 more
TL;DR: It is shown that exosome-based secretion as a general mechanism for protein secretion by Leishmania, and thatExosomes are involved in the delivery of proteins into host target cells, suggesting that, like mammalian exosomes, LeishMania exosomal proteins function in long-range communication and immune modulation.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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