Journal ArticleDOI
Dietary fibers and associated phytochemicals in cereals.
Knud Erik Bach Knudsen,Natalja P. Nørskov,Anne Katrine Bolvig,Mette Skou Hedemann,Helle Nygaard Lærke +4 more
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TLDR
The microbiota, which degrade and metabolize DF to SCFAs and gases, also convert the phenolic compounds into a range of other metabolites that are absorbed into the body and with the capability of influencing the metabolism at the cellular level.Abstract:
Epidemiological studies have linked whole-grain (WG) cereal consumption to a reduced risk of developing several chronic diseases-coronary heart disease, arteriosclerosis, type-2 diabetes, and some form of cancers. The underlying physiological mechanisms behind the protective effects of WG are unclear, but can most likely be assigned to a concerted action of dietary fiber (DF) and a wide variety of phytochemicals. Physiologically, it is important that soluble nonstarch polysaccharides contribute to higher viscosity in the small intestine as this may influence rate and extent of digestion and absorption. Associated with the DF matrix of cereals is an array of nonnutritive constituents predominantly concentrated in the bran fraction. Among them, the phenolic phytochemicals, benzoic acid and cinnamic derivatives and lignans, are of importance in a nutritional-health perspective. Only a small fraction of the phenolics is absorbed in the small intestine, but the availability can be increased by bioprocessing. The major part, however, is passed to the large intestine where the microbiota, which degrade and metabolize DF to SCFAs and gases, also convert the phenolic compounds into a range of other metabolites that are absorbed into the body and with the capability of influencing the metabolism at the cellular level.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Cultivated Ancient Wheats (Triticum spp.): A Potential Source of Health‐Beneficial Food Products
Ahmad Arzani,Muhammad Ashraf +1 more
TL;DR: A holistic synthesis of the information on ancient wheats is provided to facilitate a greater exploitation of their potential benefits and to ensure sustainable wheat production in the context of climate change and low-input organic farming systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dietary Fiber and Intestinal Health of Monogastric Animals.
TL;DR: This review will provide information and updates on different types of DF used in monogastric nutrition and its contribution to gut health including microbiology, fermentation characteristics, and innate and adaptive immune responses.
Book ChapterDOI
Dietary fiber sources and human benefits: The case study of cereal and pseudocereals
TL;DR: Dietary fiber is extensively fermented by gut microbiota and it is associated with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, with important health benefits due to its hypocholesterolemic properties, and is widely used as functional ingredients in food industry.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fermented Cereal-based Products: Nutritional Aspects, Possible Impact on Gut Microbiota and Health Implications.
TL;DR: This paper addresses issues that are relevant to nutritional and health aspects, including their interrelation with intestinal (gut) microbiome diversity and function, although clinical trials and/or in vitro studies testing for cereal-based fermented products are still scarce.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phytochemicals as modifiers of gut microbial communities.
TL;DR: The potential interactions between prominent phytochemicals and health benefits related to the GM are highlighted, emphasizing their potential as adjuvant strategies for GM-related diseases.
References
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Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailability
TL;DR: The nature and contents of the various polyphenols present in food sources and the influence of agricultural practices and industrial processes are reviewed, and bioavailability appears to differ greatly between the variousPolyphenols, and the most abundantpolyphenols in the authors' diet are not necessarily those that have the best bioavailability profile.
Journal ArticleDOI
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David J.A. Jenkins,Thomas M.S. Wolever,Rodney H Taylor,H. M. Barker,H Fielden,J M Baldwin,A C Bowling,H C Newman,Alexandra L. Jenkins,D V Goff +9 more
TL;DR: The effect of different foods on the blood glucose levels was fed individually to groups of 5 to 10 healthy fasting volunteers, and a significant negative relationship was seen between fat and protein and postprandial glucose rise but not with fiber or sugar content.
Journal ArticleDOI
Review article: the role of butyrate on colonic function
Henrike M. Hamer,Daisy Jonkers,Koen Venema,Steven Vanhoutvin,Freddy J. Troost,Robert Brummer +5 more
TL;DR: Butyrate is an important energy source for intestinal epithelial cells and plays a role in the maintenance of colonic homeostasis, and is a main end‐product of intestinal microbial fermentation of mainly dietary fibre.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Glycemic Index: Physiological Mechanisms Relating to Obesity, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease
TL;DR: The physiological effects of the glycemic index and the relevance of these effects in preventing and treating obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease are examined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Butyrate Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Increases Energy Expenditure in Mice
Zhanguo Gao,Jun Yin,Jin Jin Zhang,Robert Ward,Roy J. Martin,Michael Lefevre,William T. Cefalu,Jianping Ye +7 more
TL;DR: Dietary supplementation of butyrate can prevent and treat diet-induced insulin resistance in mouse and the mechanism ofbutyrate action is related to promotion of energy expenditure and induction of mitochondria function.