Journal ArticleDOI
Distributions of Microbial Activities in Deep Subseafloor Sediments
Steven D'Hondt,Bo Barker Jørgensen,D Jay Miller,Anja Batzke,Ruth E. Blake,Barry Andrew Cragg,Heribert Cypionka,Gerald R. Dickens,Timothy G. Ferdelman,Kai-Uwe Hinrichs,Nils G. Holm,Richard Mitterer,Arthur J Spivack,Guizhi Wang,Barbara A. Bekins,Bert Engelen,Kathryn Ford,Glen Gettemy,Scott Rutherford,Henrik Sass,C Gregory Skilbeck,Ivano W. Aiello,Gilles Guèrin,Christopher H. House,Fumio Inagaki,Patrick Meister,Thomas Naehr,Sachiko Niitsuma,R. John Parkes,Axel Schippers,David C. Smith,Andreas P Teske,Juergen Wiegel,Christian Naranjo Padilla,Juana Luz Solis Acosta +34 more
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TLDR
Diverse microbial communities and numerous energy-yielding activities occur in deeply buried sediments of the eastern Pacific Ocean and these sedimentary communities may supply dissolved electron donors and nutrients to the underlying crustal biosphere.Abstract:
Diverse microbial communities and numerous energy-yielding activities occur in deeply buried sediments of the eastern Pacific Ocean. Distributions of metabolic activities often deviate from the standard model. Rates of activities, cell concentrations, and populations of cultured bacteria vary consistently from one subseafloor environment to another. Net rates of major activities principally rely on electron acceptors and electron donors from the photosynthetic surface world. At open-ocean sites, nitrate and oxygen are supplied to the deepest sedimentary communities through the underlying basaltic aquifer. In turn, these sedimentary communities may supply dissolved electron donors and nutrients to the underlying crustal biosphere.read more
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Abrupt climate change
Richard B. Alley,Jochem Marotzke,William D. Nordhaus,Jonathan T. Overpeck,Dorothy M. Peteet,Roger A. Pielke,Raymond T. Pierrehumbert,Peter B. Rhines,Thomas F. Stocker,Lynne D. Talley,John M. Wallace +10 more
TL;DR: Policy-makers should consider expanding research into abrupt climate change, improving monitoring systems, and taking actions designed to enhance the adaptability and resilience of ecosystems and economies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oceanic methane biogeochemistry.
TL;DR: It is shown that thermodynamic and kinetic constraints largely prevent large-scale methanogenesis in the open ocean water column, and the role of anaerobic oxidation of methane has changed from a controversial curiosity to a major sink in anoxic basins and sediments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Manganese- and Iron-Dependent Marine Methane Oxidation
TL;DR: It is shown that microorganisms from marine methane-seep sediment in the Eel River Basin in California are capable of using manganese and iron to oxidize methane, revealing that marine AOM is coupled, either directly or indirectly, to a larger variety of oxidants than previously thought.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bacteria and archaea on Earth and their abundance in biofilms
TL;DR: It is proposed that biofilms drive all biogeochemical processes and represent the main way of active bacterial and archaeal life and are the most prominent and influential type of microbial life.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global distribution of microbial abundance and biomass in subseafloor sediment
TL;DR: This work shows that total microbial cell abundance in subseafloor sediment varies between sites by ca.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Prokaryotes: The unseen majority
TL;DR: The number of prokaryotes and the total amount of their cellular carbon on earth are estimated to be 4-6 x 10(30) cells and 350-550 Pg of C (1 Pg = 10(15) g), respectively, which is 60-100% of the estimated total carbon in plants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Early oxidation of organic matter in pelagic sediments of the eastern equatorial Atlantic: suboxic diagenesis
Philip N. Froelich,Gary P. Klinkhammer,Michael L. Bender,Nile A. Luedtke,G.R. Heath,Doug Cullen,Paul Dauphin,Doug Hammond,Blayne Hartman,Val Maynard +9 more
TL;DR: Pore water profiles of total CO 2, pH, PO 3−4, NO − 3 plus NO − 2, SO 2− 4, S 2−, Fe 2+ and Mn 2+ have been obtained in cores from pelagic sediments of the eastern equatorial Atlantic under waters of moderate to high productivity as mentioned in this paper.
Book
The deep hot biosphere
TL;DR: There are strong indications that microbial life is widespread at depth in the crust of the Earth, just as such life has been identified in numerous ocean vents as discussed by the authors, and such life is not dependent on solar energy and photosynthesis for its primary energy supply, and it is essentially independent of the surface circumstances.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent studies on bacterial populations and processes in subseafloor sediments: A review
TL;DR: The authors showed that in the presence of readily degradable organic substrates, actively growing bacteria can move faster than sediment deposition; hence, these bacteria are not necessarily trapped and buried.
Journal ArticleDOI
Metabolic Activity of Subsurface Life in Deep-Sea Sediments
TL;DR: Global maps of sulfate and methane in marine sediments reveal two provinces of subsurface metabolic activity: a sulfate-rich open-ocean province, and an ocean-margin province where sulfate is limited to shallow sediments.
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