Divergence of species responses to climate change
Songlin Fei,Johanna M. Desprez,Kevin M. Potter,Insu Jo,Jonathan Knott,Christopher M. Oswalt,Christopher M. Oswalt +6 more
TLDR
Analysis of abundance data over time for 86 tree species/groups across the eastern United States spanning the last three decades indicates that changes in moisture availability have stronger near-term impacts on vegetation dynamics than changes in temperature.Abstract:
Climate change can have profound impacts on biodiversity and the sustainability of many ecosystems Various studies have investigated the impacts of climate change, but large-scale, trait-specific impacts are less understood We analyze abundance data over time for 86 tree species/groups across the eastern United States spanning the last three decades We show that more tree species have experienced a westward shift (73%) than a poleward shift (62%) in their abundance, a trend that is stronger for saplings than adult trees The observed shifts are primarily due to the changes of subpopulation abundances in the leading edges and are significantly associated with changes in moisture availability and successional processes These spatial shifts are associated with species that have similar traits (drought tolerance, wood density, and seed weight) and evolutionary histories (most angiosperms shifted westward and most gymnosperms shifted poleward) Our results indicate that changes in moisture availability have stronger near-term impacts on vegetation dynamics than changes in temperature The divergent responses to climate change by trait- and phylogenetic-specific groups could lead to changes in composition of forest ecosystems, putting the resilience and sustainability of various forest ecosystems in questionread more
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Species better track climate warming in the oceans than on land
Jonathan Lenoir,Romain Bertrand,Lise Comte,Lise Comte,Luana Bourgeaud,Tarek Hattab,Jérôme Murienne,Gaël Grenouillet,Gaël Grenouillet +8 more
TL;DR: Compiling a global geo-database of >30,000 range shifts, the authors show that marine species closely track shifting isotherms, whereas terrestrial species lag behind, probably due to wider thermal safety margins and movement constraints imposed by human activities.
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Fusarium crown rot caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum in cereal crops: recent progress and future prospects.
TL;DR: The sequencing and comparative analyses of the F. pseudograminearum genome have revealed novel virulence factors, possibly acquired through horizontal gene transfer, and a conserved pathogen gene cluster involved in the degradation of wheat defence compounds has been identified.
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Ghosts of the past: how drought legacy effects shape forest functioning and carbon cycling
TL;DR: A novel data synthesis finds that legacy effects differ drastically in both size and length across the US depending on if they are identified in tree rings versus gross primary productivity, and emphasises that a holistic view of legacy effects - from tissues to whole forests - will advance understanding of legacy Effects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Drought legacies are dependent on water table depth, wood anatomy and drought timing across the eastern US.
Steven A. Kannenberg,Steven A. Kannenberg,Justin T. Maxwell,Neil Pederson,Loïc D'Orangeville,Loïc D'Orangeville,Darren L. Ficklin,Richard P. Phillips +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors pair a dataset of 143 tree ring chronologies across the mesic forests of the eastern US with historical climate and local soil properties, and find that legacy effects are widespread, the magnitude of which increased markedly in diffuse porous species, sites with deep water tables, and in response to late-season droughts.
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Shifts in tree functional composition amplify the response of forest biomass to climate
TL;DR: Systematic forest inventories from the 1980s and 2000s across the eastern USA are used to show that forest biomass responds to decadal-scale changes in water deficit, and that this biomass response is amplified by concurrent changes in community-mean drought tolerance, a functionally important aspect of tree species composition.
References
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Summary for Policymakers
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TL;DR: The Global Energy Assessment (GEA) as mentioned in this paper identifies strategies that could help resolve the multiple challenges simultaneously and bring multiple benefits, including sustainable economic and social development, poverty eradication, adequate food production and food security, health for all, climate protection, conservation of ecosystems, and security.
Summary for Policymakers
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