Open AccessProceedings Article
Dropout as a Bayesian approximation: representing model uncertainty in deep learning
Yarin Gal,Zoubin Ghahramani +1 more
- pp 1050-1059
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TLDR
A new theoretical framework is developed casting dropout training in deep neural networks (NNs) as approximate Bayesian inference in deep Gaussian processes, which mitigates the problem of representing uncertainty in deep learning without sacrificing either computational complexity or test accuracy.Abstract:
Deep learning tools have gained tremendous attention in applied machine learning. However such tools for regression and classification do not capture model uncertainty. In comparison, Bayesian models offer a mathematically grounded framework to reason about model uncertainty, but usually come with a prohibitive computational cost. In this paper we develop a new theoretical framework casting dropout training in deep neural networks (NNs) as approximate Bayesian inference in deep Gaussian processes. A direct result of this theory gives us tools to model uncertainty with dropout NNs - extracting information from existing models that has been thrown away so far. This mitigates the problem of representing uncertainty in deep learning without sacrificing either computational complexity or test accuracy. We perform an extensive study of the properties of dropout's uncertainty. Various network architectures and nonlinearities are assessed on tasks of regression and classification, using MNIST as an example. We show a considerable improvement in predictive log-likelihood and RMSE compared to existing state-of-the-art methods, and finish by using dropout's uncertainty in deep reinforcement learning.read more
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References
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Proceedings Article
Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization
Diederik P. Kingma,Jimmy Ba +1 more
TL;DR: This work introduces Adam, an algorithm for first-order gradient-based optimization of stochastic objective functions, based on adaptive estimates of lower-order moments, and provides a regret bound on the convergence rate that is comparable to the best known results under the online convex optimization framework.
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