Effects of Exercise on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes: A meta-analysis
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Aerobic exercise alone or combined with RT improves glycemic control, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and waist circumference, and the impact of resistance exercise alone on CV risk markers in type 2 diabetes remains unclear.Abstract:
OBJECTIVE Exercise is a cornerstone of diabetes management and the prevention of incident diabetes. However, the impact of the mode of exercise on cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in type 2 diabetes is unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the literature between 1970 and October 2009 in representative databases for the effect of aerobic or resistance exercise training on clinical markers of CV risk, including glycemic control, dyslipidemia, blood pressure, and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Of 645 articles retrieved, 34 met our inclusion criteria; most investigated aerobic exercise alone, and 10 reported combined exercise training. Aerobic alone or combined with resistance training (RT) significantly improved HbA 1c −0.6 and −0.67%, respectively (95% CI −0.98 to −0.27 and −0.93 to −0.40, respectively), systolic blood pressure (SBP) −6.08 and −3.59 mmHg, respectively (95% CI −10.79 to −1.36 and −6.93 to −0.24, respectively), and triglycerides −0.3 mmol/L (95% CI −0.48 to −0.11 and −0.57 to −0.02, respectively). Waist circumference was significantly improved −3.1 cm (95% CI −10.3 to −1.2) with combined aerobic and resistance exercise, although fewer studies and more heterogeneity of the responses were observed in the latter two markers. Resistance exercise alone or combined with any other form of exercise was not found to have any significant effect on CV markers. CONCLUSIONS Aerobic exercise alone or combined with RT improves glycemic control, SBP, triglycerides, and waist circumference. The impact of resistance exercise alone on CV risk markers in type 2 diabetes remains unclear.read more
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References
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High-intensity resistance training improves glycemic control in older patients with type 2 diabetes.
David W. Dunstan,Robin M. Daly,Neville Owen,Damien Jolley,Maximilian de Courten,Jonathan E. Shaw,Paul Zimmet +6 more
TL;DR: High-intensity progressive resistance training, in combination with moderate weight loss, was effective in improving glycemic control in older patients with type 2 diabetes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Different Modes of Exercise Training on Glucose Control and Risk Factors for Complications in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A meta-analysis
Neil J. Snowling,Will G. Hopkins +1 more
TL;DR: All forms of exercise training produce small benefits in the main measure of glucose control: A1C, similar to those of dietary, drug, and insulin treatments.
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American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and type 2 diabetes.
TL;DR: Interventions designed to encourage adoption of an exercise regimen must be responsive to the individual's current stage of readiness and focus efforts on moving the individual through the various "stages of change."
Journal ArticleDOI
Obesity and Heart Disease A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the Nutrition Committee, American Heart Association
TL;DR: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) (1988-1991) showed that 33% of the US population is obese, compared with 25% in NHANES II (1976-1980).
Journal ArticleDOI
The effect of diabetes mellitus on prognosis and serial left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction: Contribution of both coronary disease and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction to the adverse prognosis☆
Peter Stone,Peter Stone,James E. Muller,James E. Muller,Tyler Hartwell,Tyler Hartwell,B. J. York,B. J. York,John D. Rutherford,John D. Rutherford,Corette B. Parker,Corette B. Parker,Zoltan G. Turi,Zoltan G. Turi,H. William Strauss,H. William Strauss,James T. Willerson,James T. Willerson,Thomas S. Robertson,Thomas S. Robertson,Eugene Braunwald,Eugene Braunwald,Allan S. Jaffe,Allan S. Jaffe +23 more
TL;DR: The factors responsible for the increased incidence of adverse outcomes among diabetic patients may be related to an acceleration of the atherosclerotic process, diastolic left ventricular dysfunction associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy or other unidentified unfavorable processes.