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EM-based optimization of microwave circuits using artificial neural networks: the state-of-the-art

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Abstract
This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art in electromagnetic (EM)-based design and optimization of microwave circuits using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Measurement-based design of microwave circuits using ANNs is also reviewed. The conventional microwave neural optimization approach is surveyed, along with typical enhancing techniques, such as segmentation, decomposition, hierarchy, design of experiments, and clusterization. Innovative strategies for ANN-based design exploiting microwave knowledge are reviewed, including neural space-mapping methods. The problem of developing synthesis neural networks is treated. EM-based statistical analysis and yield optimization using neural networks is reviewed. The key issues in transient EM-based design using neural networks are summarized. The use of ANNs to speed up "global modeling" for EM-based design of monolithic microwave integrated circuits is briefly described. Future directions in ANN techniques to microwave design are suggested.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Automated Knowledge-Based Neural Network Modeling for Microwave Applications

TL;DR: The proposed method automates data generation, determination of data distribution, model structure adaptation, and model training in a systematic framework, and can further reduce the number of training data through the adaptive sampling process, shorten the model development time over existing AMG methods and existing knowledge-based modeling methods.
Journal ArticleDOI

Modeling and design of printed antennas using neural networks

TL;DR: In this article, a single neural network is developed to model the resonant frequency of rectangular patch printed on uniaxially anisotropic substrate with air gap using effective parameters in conjunction with spectral dyadic Green's function.
Journal ArticleDOI

Parallel Computational Approach to Gradient Based EM Optimization of Passive Microwave Circuits

TL;DR: This work proposes to use a large number of fine model evaluations to achieve an overall speedup of gradient based EM optimization when no coarse model is available, thereby resulting in fewer iterations of the optimization process.
Journal ArticleDOI

ANNs for Fast Parameterized EM Modeling: The State of the Art in Machine Learning for Design Automation of Passive Microwave Structures

TL;DR: Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are information processing systems, with their design inspired by studies of the ability of the human brain to learn from observations and generalize by abstraction as discussed by the authors.
References
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Book

Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation

Simon Haykin
TL;DR: Thorough, well-organized, and completely up to date, this book examines all the important aspects of this emerging technology, including the learning process, back-propagation learning, radial-basis function networks, self-organizing systems, modular networks, temporal processing and neurodynamics, and VLSI implementation of neural networks.
Journal ArticleDOI

Backpropagation through time: what it does and how to do it

TL;DR: This paper first reviews basic backpropagation, a simple method which is now being widely used in areas like pattern recognition and fault diagnosis, and describes further extensions of this method, to deal with systems other than neural networks, systems involving simultaneous equations or true recurrent networks, and other practical issues which arise with this method.
Journal ArticleDOI

A Class of Methods for Solving Nonlinear Simultaneous Equations

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss certain modifications to Newton's method designed to reduce the number of function evaluations required during the iterative solution process of an iterative problem solving problem, such that the most efficient process will be that which requires the smallest number of functions evaluations.
Journal ArticleDOI

Optimal Global Rates of Convergence for Nonparametric Regression

TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the optimal rate of convergence for an estimator of an unknown regression function (i.e., a regression function of order 2p + d) with respect to a training sample of size n = (p - m)/(2p + 2p+d) is O(n−1/n−r) under appropriate regularity conditions, where n−1 is the optimal convergence rate if q < q < \infty.
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