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EM-based optimization of microwave circuits using artificial neural networks: the state-of-the-art

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Abstract
This paper reviews the current state-of-the-art in electromagnetic (EM)-based design and optimization of microwave circuits using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Measurement-based design of microwave circuits using ANNs is also reviewed. The conventional microwave neural optimization approach is surveyed, along with typical enhancing techniques, such as segmentation, decomposition, hierarchy, design of experiments, and clusterization. Innovative strategies for ANN-based design exploiting microwave knowledge are reviewed, including neural space-mapping methods. The problem of developing synthesis neural networks is treated. EM-based statistical analysis and yield optimization using neural networks is reviewed. The key issues in transient EM-based design using neural networks are summarized. The use of ANNs to speed up "global modeling" for EM-based design of monolithic microwave integrated circuits is briefly described. Future directions in ANN techniques to microwave design are suggested.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Recent advances in neural network‐based inverse modeling techniques for microwave applications

TL;DR: An overview of recent advances in neural network‐based inverse modeling techniques for microwave applications and the recently proposed activation function and three‐stage deep learning algorithm for training the hybrid deep neural network are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI

EM-Centric Multiphysics Optimization of Microwave Components Using Parallel Computational Approach

TL;DR: The proposed MPO technique takes a small number of iterations to obtain the optimal EM-centric MP response and can be valid in a relatively large neighborhood, which makes an effective and large optimization update in each optimization iteration.
Journal ArticleDOI

Surrogate modelling and optimization using shape-preserving response prediction: A review

TL;DR: This article reviews a particular technique of this type, namely, shape-preserving response prediction (SPRP), which works on the level of the model responses to correct the underlying low-fidelity models.
Journal ArticleDOI

Space Mapping Technique Using Decomposed Mappings for GaN HEMT Modeling

TL;DR: A novel space mapping (SM) modeling approach for gallium nitride (GaN) high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) with trapping effects is presented in this article, advancing the SM technique for nonlinear device modeling.
Journal IssueDOI

Neural input space mapping optimization based on nonlinear two-layer perceptrons with optimized nonlinearity

TL;DR: This work is an improved version of the Neural Space-Mapping algorithm that uses three layer perceptrons (3LP) to implement a nonlinear input mapping function at each iteration, whose nonlinearity is automatically regulated with classical optimization algorithms.
References
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Book

Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation

Simon Haykin
TL;DR: Thorough, well-organized, and completely up to date, this book examines all the important aspects of this emerging technology, including the learning process, back-propagation learning, radial-basis function networks, self-organizing systems, modular networks, temporal processing and neurodynamics, and VLSI implementation of neural networks.
Journal ArticleDOI

Backpropagation through time: what it does and how to do it

TL;DR: This paper first reviews basic backpropagation, a simple method which is now being widely used in areas like pattern recognition and fault diagnosis, and describes further extensions of this method, to deal with systems other than neural networks, systems involving simultaneous equations or true recurrent networks, and other practical issues which arise with this method.
Journal ArticleDOI

A Class of Methods for Solving Nonlinear Simultaneous Equations

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss certain modifications to Newton's method designed to reduce the number of function evaluations required during the iterative solution process of an iterative problem solving problem, such that the most efficient process will be that which requires the smallest number of functions evaluations.
Journal ArticleDOI

Optimal Global Rates of Convergence for Nonparametric Regression

TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the optimal rate of convergence for an estimator of an unknown regression function (i.e., a regression function of order 2p + d) with respect to a training sample of size n = (p - m)/(2p + 2p+d) is O(n−1/n−r) under appropriate regularity conditions, where n−1 is the optimal convergence rate if q < q < \infty.
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