Journal ArticleDOI
Emerging roles of tRNA in adaptive translation, signalling dynamics and disease.
Sebastian Kirchner,Zoya Ignatova +1 more
TLDR
In this article, emerging concepts regarding how tRNA abundance is dynamically regulated and how tRNAs (and their nucleolytic fragments) are centrally involved in stress signalling and adaptive translation, operating across a wide range of timescales.Abstract:
tRNAs, nexus molecules between mRNAs and proteins, have a central role in translation. Recent discoveries have revealed unprecedented complexity of tRNA biosynthesis, modification patterns, regulation and function. In this Review, we present emerging concepts regarding how tRNA abundance is dynamically regulated and how tRNAs (and their nucleolytic fragments) are centrally involved in stress signalling and adaptive translation, operating across a wide range of timescales. Mutations in tRNAs or in genes affecting tRNA biogenesis are also linked to complex human diseases with surprising heterogeneity in tissue vulnerability, and we highlight cell-specific aspects that modulate the disease penetrance of tRNA-based pathologies.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Dynamic RNA Modifications in Gene Expression Regulation
TL;DR: Roles for mRNA modification in nearly every aspect of the mRNA life cycle, as well as in various cellular, developmental, and disease processes are revealed.
Journal ArticleDOI
RNA N6-methyladenosine methylation in post-transcriptional gene expression regulation
Yanan Yue,Jianzhao Liu,Chuan He +2 more
TL;DR: The broad roles of m(6)A in regulating cell fates and embryonic development highlight the existence of another layer of epigenetic regulation at the RNA level, where mRNA is subjected to chemical modifications that affect protein expression.
Journal ArticleDOI
Efficient and quantitative high-throughput tRNA sequencing
Guanqun Zheng,Yidan Qin,Wesley C. Clark,Qing Dai,Chengqi Yi,Chuan He,Alan M. Lambowitz,Tao Pan +7 more
TL;DR: Efficient and quantitative tRNA sequencing in HEK293T cells is achieved by using engineered demethylases to remove base methylations and a highly processive thermostable group II intron reverse transcriptase to overcome obstacles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epigenetic inheritance of acquired traits through sperm RNAs and sperm RNA modifications
Qi Chen,Wei Yan,Enkui Duan +2 more
TL;DR: Insight is reviewed into the possible mechanisms by which sperm become acquisitive following environmental–somatic–germline interactions, and how they transmit paternally acquired phenotypes by shaping early embryonic development.
Journal ArticleDOI
Modulated Expression of Specific tRNAs Drives Gene Expression and Cancer Progression
TL;DR: A high-throughput tRNA profiling method finds that specific tRNAs are upregulated in human breast cancer cells as they gain metastatic activity, implicating tRNAGluUUC and tRNAArgCCG as promoters of breast cancer metastasis.
References
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Surface Proteins of Gram-Positive Bacteria and Mechanisms of Their Targeting to the Cell Wall Envelope
TL;DR: The mechanisms for both sorting and targeting of proteins to the envelope of gram-positive bacteria are described and the functions of known surface proteins are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Myoclonic epilepsy and ragged-red fiber disease (MERRF) is associated with a mitochondrial DNA tRNALys mutation
John M. Shoffner,Marie T. Lott,Angela M. S. Lezza,Peter Seibel,Scott W. Ballinger,Douglas C. Wallace +5 more
TL;DR: An A to G transition mutation at nucleotide pair 8344 in human mitochondrial DNA has been identified as the cause of MERRF, providing molecular confirmation that some forms of epilepsy are the result of deficiencies in mitochondrial energy production.
Journal ArticleDOI
Translational control in stress and apoptosis
Martin Holcik,Nahum Sonenberg +1 more
TL;DR: Two representative models are examined, the regulation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2α by phosphorylation and internal ribosome initiation through the internal Ribosome-entry site, which illustrate the importance of translational control in the cellular stress response and apoptosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Synonymous but not the same: the causes and consequences of codon bias.
Joshua B. Plotkin,Grzegorz Kudla +1 more
TL;DR: Ongoing work to quantify the dynamics of initiation and elongation is as important for understanding natural synonymous variation as it is for designing transgenes in applied contexts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis.
Michael Ibba,Dieter Söll +1 more
TL;DR: Current knowledge of the biochemical, structural, and evolutionary facets of aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis is reviewed, mainly prompted by the advent of whole genome sequencing and the availability of vast body of structural data.