Showing papers in "Cell in 2017"

TL;DR: Recent advances in understanding of mTOR function, regulation, and importance in mammalian physiology are reviewed and how the mTOR signaling network contributes to human disease is highlighted.

TL;DR: The mechanisms underlying ferroptosis are reviewed, connections to other areas of biology and medicine are highlighted, and tools and guidelines for studying this emerging form of regulated cell death are recommended.

TL;DR: As the molecular mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy are elucidated, actionable strategies to prevent or treat them may be derived to improve clinical outcomes for patients.

TL;DR: A novel microglia type associated with neurodegenerative diseases (DAM) is described and it is revealed that the DAM program is activated in a two-step process that involves downregulation of microglian checkpoints, followed by activation of a Trem2-dependent program.

TL;DR: The core Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is described, how it controls stem cells, and contributes to disease, and strategies for Wnt-based therapies are discussed.

TL;DR: It is proposed that gene regulatory networks are sufficiently interconnected such that all genes expressed in disease-relevant cells are liable to affect the functions of core disease-related genes and that most heritability can be explained by effects on genes outside core pathways.

TL;DR: Improved understanding of the molecular wiring of the AKT signaling network continues to make an impact that cuts across most disciplines of the biomedical sciences.

TL;DR: The expanded CMap is reported, made possible by a new, low-cost, high-throughput reduced representation expression profiling method that is shown to be highly reproducible, comparable to RNA sequencing, and suitable for computational inference of the expression levels of 81% of non-measured transcripts.

TL;DR: The cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in metastasis are summarized, with a focus on carcinomas where the most is known, and the general principles of metastasis that have begun to emerge are highlighted.

TL;DR: Roles for mRNA modification in nearly every aspect of the mRNA life cycle, as well as in various cellular, developmental, and disease processes are revealed.

TL;DR: It is suggested that bold approaches to drug development, harnessing the adaptive properties of the immune-microenvironment while limiting those of the tumor, combined with advances in clinical trial-design, will improve patient outcome.

TL;DR: An analysis of 412 muscle-invasive bladder cancers characterized by multiple TCGA analytical platforms identified 5 expression subtypes that may stratify response to different treatments and identified a poor-survival "neuronal" subtype in which the majority of tumors lacked small cell or neuroendocrine histology.

TL;DR: Integrative molecular HCC subtyping incorporating unsupervised clustering of five data platforms identified three subtypes, one of which was associated with poorer prognosis in three HCC cohorts and development of a p53 target gene expression signature correlating with poor survival was enabled.

TL;DR: DEMETER, an analytical framework that segregates on- from off-target effects of RNAi, demonstrates the basis behind one such predictive model linking hypermethylation of the UBB ubiquitin gene to a dependency on UBC and provides a foundation for a cancer dependency map that facilitates the prioritization of therapeutic targets.

TL;DR: A perspective on the roles of class I PI3Ks in the regulation of cellular metabolism and in immune system functions is provided, two topics closely intertwined with cancer biology.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define pathways that are limiting for cancer progression and understand the context specificity of metabolic preferences and liabilities in malignant cells, which can guide the more effective targeting of metabolism to help patients.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors profiled transcriptomes of ∼6,000 single cells from 18 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients, including five matched pairs of primary tumors and lymph node metastases.

TL;DR: Comprehensive genomic profiling data in this study provide insight into nivolumab's mechanism of action and reveal expansion of T cell clones in the setting of neoantigen loss.

TL;DR: The NF-κB was discovered 30 years ago as a rapidly inducible transcription factor and has been found to have a broad role in gene induction in diverse cellular responses, particularly throughout the immune system as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of degrading cohesin were explored, showing that loop domains can be eliminated and re-formed in under an hour, consistent with a model where loop extrusion is rapid.

TL;DR: The data support that CTCF mediates transcriptional insulator function through enhancer blocking but not as a direct barrier to heterochromatin spreading, and provides new fundamental insights into the rules governing mammalian genome organization.

TL;DR: Deep single-cell RNA sequencing on 5,063 single T cells isolated from peripheral blood, tumor, and adjacent normal tissues from six hepatocellular carcinoma patients enables us to identify 11 T cell subsets based on their molecular and functional properties and delineate their developmental trajectory.

TL;DR: TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer and must be interpreted to understand how cell type, mutation profile, and epigenetic cell state dictate outcomes, and how might it restore its tumor-suppressive activities in cancer.

TL;DR: It is found that Fusobacterium (F.) nucleatum was abundant in colorectal cancer tissues in patients with recurrence post chemotherapy, and was associated with patient clinicopathological characterisitcs, and bioinformatic and functional studies demonstrated that F. nucleatum promoted coloreCTal cancer resistance to chemotherapy.

TL;DR: In this paper, a phase separation model was proposed to explain established and recently described features of transcriptional control, such as the formation of super-enhancers, the sensitivity of superenhancers to perturbation, the transcriptional bursting patterns of enhancers, and the ability of an enhancer to produce simultaneous activation at multiple genes.

TL;DR: A precise understanding of RAS' interaction with membranes is essential to understand RAS action and to intervene in RAS-driven diseases.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that oncolytic virotherapy may improve the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy by changing the tumor microenvironment.

TL;DR: This work comprehensively mapped 3D chromatin organization during mouse neural differentiation in vitro and in vivo, generating the highest-resolution Hi-C maps available to date and shows that multiple factors influence the dynamics of chromatin interactions in development.

TL;DR: This model suggests that the abundance of senescent cells in vivo predicts "molecular," as opposed to chronologic, age and that senescent cell clearance may mitigate aging-associated pathology.

TL;DR: This work adapted methods from molecular evolution and applied them to 7,664 tumors across 29 cancer types, allowing exome-wide enumeration of all driver coding mutations, including outside known cancer genes.