Evaluation of a newly developed lateral flow immunoassay for the diagnosis of cryptococcosis.
Mark D. Lindsley,Nanthawan Mekha,Henry C. Baggett,Yupha Surinthong,Rinrapas Autthateinchai,Pongpun Sawatwong,Julie R. Harris,Benjamin J. Park,Tom Chiller,S. Arunmozhi Balajee,Natteewan Poonwan +10 more
TLDR
This study shows that the assay performs as well as available diagnostic methods is economical, rapid, and easy to perform; and as such can be a point of care test in resource limited settings.Abstract:
Background. Cryptococcosis is a common opportunistic infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐ infected individuals mostly occurring in resource-limited countries. This study compares the performance of a recently developed lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) to blood culture and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the diagnosis of cryptococcosis. Methods. Archived sera from 704 HIV-infected patients hospitalized for acute respiratory illness in Thailand were tested for cryptococcal antigenemia using EIA. All EIA-positive and a subset of EIA-negative sera were tested by LFA, with results recorded after 5 and 15 minutes incubation. Urine from patients with LFA- and EIA-positive sera was tested by LFA. Antigen results from patients with positive cryptococcal blood cultures were compared. Results. Of 704 sera, 92 (13%) were positive by EIA; among the 91 EIA-positive sera tested by LFA, 82 (90%) and 87 (96%) were LFA positive when read after 5 and 15 minutes, respectively. Kappa agreement of EIA and LFA for sera was 0.923 after 5 minutes and 0.959 after 15 minutes, respectively. Two of 373 EIA-negative sera were LFA positive at both time points. Of 74 urine specimens from EIA-positive patients, 52 (70.3%) were LFA positive. EIA was positive in 16 of 17 sera from blood culture‐positive patients (94% sensitivity), and all sera were positive by LFA (100% sensitivity). Conclusions. A high level of agreement was shown between LFA and EIA testing of serum. The LFA is a rapid, easy-to-perform assay that does not require refrigeration, demonstrating its potential usefulness as a point-of-care assay for diagnosis of cryptococcosis in resource-limited countries.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Diagnostic point-of-care tests in resource-limited settings
Paul K. Drain,Emily P. Hyle,Farzad Noubary,Farzad Noubary,Farzad Noubary,Kenneth A. Freedberg,Douglas Wilson,William R. Bishai,William Rodriguez,Ingrid V. Bassett +9 more
TL;DR: A framework for the assessment of point-of-care tests is proposed, and the term test efficacy is suggested to describe the ability of a diagnostic test to support a clinical decision within its operational context, and revised criteria for an ideal diagnostic point- of-care test in resource-limited settings are proposed.
The ICT filariasis test : rapid format antigen test for the diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis
TL;DR: Weil, Lammie and Weiss as mentioned in this paper reviewed their experience with a new rapid format filarial antigen test and found that the ICT card test was very easy to perform and that it was comparable with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of filarial antigens in sera from people with microfilaremia.
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Recent advances in graphene-based biosensor technology with applications in life sciences
TL;DR: This review will present the research conducted with antibodies, DNA molecules and, enzymes to develop biosensors that use graphene and its derivatives as scaffolds to produce effective biosensor able to detect and identify a variety of diseases, pathogens, and biomolecules linked to diseases.
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Cryptococcus gattii Infections
TL;DR: Preliminary evidence suggests that C. gattii VGII causes severe lung disease and death without dissemination, whereas C. neoformans disseminates readily to the central nervous system (CNS) and causes death from meningoencephalitis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Determinants of Mortality in a Combined Cohort of 501 Patients With HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis: Implications for Improving Outcomes
Joseph N Jarvis,Tihana Bicanic,Angela Loyse,Daniel Namarika,Arthur Jackson,Jesse C. Nussbaum,Jesse C. Nussbaum,Nicky Longley,Nicky Longley,Conrad Muzoora,Jacob Phulusa,Kabanda Taseera,Creto Kanyembe,Douglas Wilson,Mina C. Hosseinipour,Annemarie E. Brouwer,Direk Limmathurotsakul,Nicholas J. White,Nicholas J. White,Charles van der Horst,Robin Wood,Graeme Meintjes,Graeme Meintjes,John S. Bradley,Shabbar Jaffar,Thomas S. Harrison +25 more
TL;DR: Cerebrospinal fluid fungal burden, altered mental status, and rate of clearance of infection predict acute mortality in HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Estimation of the current global burden of cryptococcal meningitis among persons living with HIV/AIDS.
Benjamin J. Park,Kathleen Wannemuehler,Barbara J. Marston,Nelesh P. Govender,Peter G. Pappas,Tom Chiller +5 more
TL;DR: The first attempt to estimate the global burden of cryptococcal meningitis finds the number of cases and deaths to be very high, with most occurring in sub-Saharan Africa.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diagnostics for the developing world.
TL;DR: Although 'diseases of affluence' are increasing in developing countries, infectious diseases still impose the greatest health burden and simple, accurate and stable diagnostic tests are essential to combat these diseases.
The ICT filariasis test : rapid format antigen test for the diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis
TL;DR: Weil, Lammie and Weiss as mentioned in this paper reviewed their experience with a new rapid format filarial antigen test and found that the ICT card test was very easy to perform and that it was comparable with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of filarial antigens in sera from people with microfilaremia.
Journal ArticleDOI
The ICT Filariasis Test: A rapid-format antigen test for diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis.
TL;DR: The authors found that the ICT card test was very easy to perform and that it was comparable with ELISA for the detection of filarial antigen in sera from people with microfilaremia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Point-of-care tests for diagnosing infections in the developing world
Rosanna W. Peeling,David Mabey +1 more
TL;DR: Rapid, reliable and affordable POC tests, requiring no equipment and minimal training, are now available for HIV infection, syphilis and malaria, but Poc tests for other infections are urgently needed.