Evidence that glutamine, not sugar, is the major energy source for cultured HeLa cells.
TLDR
Observations suggest that glutamine provides energy by aerobic oxidation from citric acid cycle metabolism, provides more than half of the cell energy when high concentrations of glucose are present, and greater than 98% when fructose or galactose is the carbohydrate.About:
This article is published in Journal of Biological Chemistry.The article was published on 1979-04-25 and is currently open access. It has received 1161 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Glutamine & Energy source.read more
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Regulation of cancer cell metabolism
TL;DR: Interest in the topic of tumour metabolism has waxed and waned over the past century, but it has become clear that many of the signalling pathways that are affected by genetic mutations and the tumour microenvironment have a profound effect on core metabolism, making this topic once again one of the most intense areas of research in cancer biology.
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The biology of cancer: metabolic reprogramming fuels cell growth and proliferation
TL;DR: This review examines the idea that several core fluxes, including aerobic glycolysis, de novo lipid biosynthesis, and glutamine-dependent anaplerosis, form a stereotyped platform supporting proliferation of diverse cell types and regulates regulation of these fluxes by cellular mediators of signal transduction and gene expression.
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Aerobic Glycolysis: Meeting the Metabolic Requirements of Cell Proliferation
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a detailed accounting of the biosynthetic requirements to construct a new cell and illustrate the importance of glycolysis in providing carbons to generate biomass.
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Beyond aerobic glycolysis : Transformed cells can engage in glutamine metabolism that exceeds the requirement for protein and nucleotide synthesis
Ralph J. DeBerardinis,Anthony A. Mancuso,Evgueni Daikhin,Ilana Nissim,Marc Yudkoff,Suzanne Wehrli,Craig B. Thompson +6 more
TL;DR: Transformed cells exhibit a high rate of glutamine consumption that cannot be explained by the nitrogen demand imposed by nucleotide synthesis or maintenance of nonessential amino acid pools, and glutamine metabolism provides a carbon source that facilitates the cell's ability to use glucose-derived carbon and TCA cycle intermediates as biosynthetic precursors.
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c-Myc suppression of miR-23a/b enhances mitochondrial glutaminase expression and glutamine metabolism.
Ping Gao,Irina Tchernyshyov,Tsung Cheng Chang,Yun-Sil Lee,Kayoko Kita,Takafumi Ochi,Karen I. Zeller,Angelo M. De Marzo,Jennifer E. Van Eyk,Joshua T. Mendell,Chi V. Dang +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the c-Myc (hereafter referred to as Myc) oncogenic transcription factor, which is known to regulate microRNAs and stimulate cell proliferation, transcriptionally represses miR-23a and miR23b, resulting in greater expression of their target protein, mitochondrial glutaminase, in human P-493 B lymphoma cells and PC3 prostate cancer cells.
References
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Protein Measurement with the Folin Phenol Reagent
TL;DR: Procedures are described for measuring protein in solution or after precipitation with acids or other agents, and for the determination of as little as 0.2 gamma of protein.
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Measurement of low energy beta-emitters in aqueous solution by liquid scintillation counting of emulsions.
M. S. Patterson,R. C. Greene +1 more
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Uptake and Metabolism of Plasma Glutamine by the Small Intestine
TL;DR: In this paper, an isolated, vascularly perfused preparation of rat intestine extracted large amounts of glutamine (75 µmoles per hour), but no other amino acid, from a recirculated blood perfusate.
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The path of carbon in photosynthesis. V. Paper chromatography and radioautography of the products.
TL;DR: Paper chromatography has been used in the identification of compounds formed by plants during short periods of photosynthesis as mentioned in this paper, and it has been shown to be useful in the separation of polycarboxylic acids and phosphate esters.