Experimental Demonstration of an Electrostatic Orbital Angular Momentum Sorter for Electron Beams

TLDR: In this paper, an electrostatic sorter was used to analyze the orbital angular momentum (OAM) states of electron beams in a transmission electron microscope, achieving an OAM resolution of 50 nm.

Abstract: The component of orbital angular momentum (OAM) in the propagation direction is one of the fundamental quantities of an electron wave function that describes its rotational symmetry and spatial chirality. Here, we demonstrate experimentally an electrostatic sorter that can be used to analyze the OAM states of electron beams in a transmission electron microscope. The device achieves postselection or sorting of OAM states after electron-material interactions, thereby allowing the study of new material properties such as the magnetic states of atoms. The required electron-optical configuration is achieved by using microelectromechanical systems technology and focused ion beam milling to control the electron phase electrostatically with a lateral resolution of 50 nm. An OAM resolution of $1.5\ensuremath{\hbar}$ is realized in tests on controlled electron vortex beams, with the perspective of reaching an optimal OAM resolution of $1\ensuremath{\hbar}$ in the near future.