Facile Synthesis and High performance of
a New Carbazole-Based Hole Transporting
Material for Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
Item Type Article
Authors Wang, Hong; Sheikh, Arif D.; Feng, Quanyou; Li, Feng; Chen, Yin;
Yu, Weili; Alarousu, Erkki; Ma, Chun; Haque, Mohammed; Shi,
Dong; Wang, Zhong-Sheng; Mohammed, Omar F.; Bakr, Osman;
Wu, Tao
Citation Facile Synthesis and High performance of a New Carbazole-
Based Hole Transporting Material for Hybrid Perovskite Solar
Cells 2015:150626113048009 ACS Photonics
Eprint version Post-print
DOI 10.1021/acsphotonics.5b00283
Publisher American Chemical Society (ACS)
Journal ACS Photonics
Rights This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a
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copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and
technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited
and published work see http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/
acsphotonics.5b00283.
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Article
Facile Synthesis and High performance of a New Carbazole-
Based Hole Transporting Material for Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
Hong Wang, Arif D. Sheikh, Quanyou Feng, Feng Li, Yin Chen, Weili Yu, Erkki Alarousu, Chun Ma, Md
Azimul Haque, Dong Shi, Zhong-Sheng Wang, Omar F. Mohammed, Osman M. Bakr, and Tom Wu
ACS Photonics, Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.5b00283 • Publication Date (Web): 26 Jun 2015
Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on June 28, 2015
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1
Facile Synthesis and High performance of a
New Carbazole-Based Hole Transporting
Material for Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells
Hong Wang*
, a,
⊥
, Arif D. Sheikh
a,
⊥
, Quanyou Feng
b,c
, Feng Li
a
, Yin Chen
a
, Weili Yu
a
,
Erkki Alarousu
d
, Chun Ma
a
, Md Azimul Haque
a
, Dong Shi
a
, Zhong-Sheng Wang
b
,
Omar F. Mohammed
d
, Osman M. Bakr
a
, Tom Wu*
,a
a
Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and
Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
b
Department of Chemistry, Lab of Advanced Materials, Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2205,
200438 Shanghai, P. R. China
c
Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for
Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced
Materials (IAM), National Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced
Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan
Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
d
Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, Division of Physical Sciences
and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),
Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
KEYWORDS: perovskite solar cell, carbazole, hole transporting material, hole
mobility
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ABSTRACT: Perovskite solar cells are very promising for practical applications
owing to their rapidly rising power conversion efficiency and low cost of
solution-based processing. 2,2’,7,7’-tetrakis-(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)
9,9’-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) is most widely used as hole transporting
material (HTM) in perovskite solar cells. However, the tedious synthesis and high
cost of Spiro-OMeTAD inhibit its commercial-scale application in the photovoltaic
industry. In this article, we report a carbazole-based compound (R01) as a new HTM
in efficient perovskite solar cells. R01 is synthesized via a facile route consisting of
only two steps from inexpensive commercially available materials. Furthermore, R01
exhibits higher hole mobility and conductivity than the state-of-the-art
Spiro-OMeTAD. Perovskite solar cells fabricated with R01 produce a power
conversion efficiency of 12.03%, comparable to that obtained in devices using
Spiro-OMeTAD in this study. Our findings underscore R01 as a highly promising
HTM with high performance, and its facile synthesis and low cost may facilitate the
large-scale applications of perovskite solar cells.
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Photovoltaic technologies hold promise for meeting the escalating worldwide
demands of renewable energies. Since 2009, perovskite solar cells have attracted
considerable attention due to their high efficiency of converting solar energy to
electricity with solution processing and low cost.
[1-5]
Typically, the perovskite solar
cell is composed of a perovskite/mesoporous TiO
2
layer sandwiched between layers
of electron-transporting (hole-blocking) TiO
2
and a hole transporting material (HTM).
Absorption of sunlight by the perovskite generates electron-hole pairs, which then
transport through TiO
2
and HTM, before being collected by the electrodes. Organic
HTMs are promising candidates in high-performance perovskite solar cells due to
their versatile molecular structures and excellent photoelectrical properties.
[6-11]
Among them, 2,2’,7,7’-tetrakis-(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine) 9,9’-spirobifluorene
(Spiro-OMeTAD) is most widely used to achieve high efficiency in perovskite solar
cells.
[3,4]
For example, a very high efficiency of 19.3% was recently achieved for
perovskite solar cells with Spiro-OMeTAD as the HTM.
[4]
However, the onerous
synthesis and exorbitant cost of Spiro-OMeTAD inhibit its up-scale application in
photovoltaic industry.
[12]
As alternatives, various inorganic materials such as CuI
[13]
and CuSCN
[14-15]
have been used as HTMs in perovskite solar cells. But the inorganic
semiconductors usually suffer from low conductivity, and the perovskite solar cells
using such HTMs exhibit low efficiencies. Therefore, developing new HTMs with
high performance yet low cost is of great importance from the practical point of view.
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