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Fibrin-Loaded Porous Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Hydrogels as Scaffold Materials for Vascularized Tissue Formation

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TLDR
A composite hydrogel is developed that supports rapid vascularized tissue ingrowth, and thus holds great potential for tissue engineering applications.
Abstract
Vascular network formation within biomaterial scaffolds is essential for the generation of properly functioning engineered tissues. In this study, a method is described for generating composite hydrogels in which porous poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels serve as scaffolds for mechanical and structural support, and fibrin is loaded within the pores to induce vascularized tissue formation. Porous PEG hydrogels were generated by a salt leaching technique with 100–150-μm pore size and thrombin (Tb) preloaded within the scaffold. Fibrinogen (Fg) was loaded into pores with varying concentrations and polymerized into fibrin due to the presence of Tb, with loading efficiencies ranging from 79.9% to 82.4%. Fibrin was distributed throughout the entire porous hydrogels, lasted for greater than 20 days, and increased hydrogel mechanical stiffness. A rodent subcutaneous implant model was used to evaluate the influence of fibrin loading on in vivo response. At weeks 1, 2, and 3, all hydrogels had significant tissue...

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Fibrin-based biomaterials: Modulation of macroscopic properties through rational design at the molecular level

TL;DR: Modifying the macroscopic properties of fibrin, such as elasticity and porosity, has been somewhat elusive until recently, yet with a molecular-level rational design approach it can be somewhat easily modified through alterations of molecular interactions key to the protein's polymerization process.
Journal ArticleDOI

Cell microenvironment engineering and monitoring for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: the recent advances.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the different aspects of cell microenvironment such as surface micro-, nanotopography, extracellular matrix composition and distribution, controlled release of soluble factors, and mechanical stress/strain conditions and how these aspects and their interactions can be used to achieve a higher degree of control over cellular activities.
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Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: A Year in Review

TL;DR: This "Year in Review" highlights some of the high-impact advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and identifies the recent "hot topics" and the key publications pertaining to these themes as well as ideas that have high potential to direct the field.

Cell Microenvironment Engineering and Monitoring for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: The Recent Advances

TL;DR: This review will focus on the different aspects of cell microenvironment such as surface micro-, nanotopography, extracellular matrix composition and distribution, controlled release of soluble factors, and mechanical stress/strain conditions and how these aspects can be used to achieve a higher degree of control over cellular activities.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Porous scaffold design for tissue engineering

TL;DR: The integration of CTD with SFF to build designer tissue-engineering scaffolds is reviewed and the mechanical properties and tissue regeneration achieved using designer scaffolds are details.
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Thrombin signalling and protease-activated receptors

TL;DR: Roles for PARs are beginning to emerge in haemostasis and thrombosis, inflammation, and perhaps even blood vessel development.
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Biomimetic materials for tissue engineering.

TL;DR: The surface and bulk modification of biomaterials with cell recognition molecules to design biomimetic materials for tissue engineering and recent advances for the development of biomimetics materials in bone, nerve, and cardiovascular tissue engineering are summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI

Fibrinogen and fibrin structure and functions.

TL;DR: In addition to its primary role of providing scaffolding for the intravascular thrombus and also accounting for important clot viscoelastic properties, fibrin(ogen) participates in other biologic functions involving unique binding sites, some of which become exposed as a consequence of fibrIn formation.
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Biomaterials in tissue engineering.

TL;DR: Recombinant polymers that combine the beneficial aspects of natural polymers with many of the desirable features of synthetic polymers have been designed and produced and described.
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