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Foraging across the life span: is there a reduction in exploration with aging?

TLDR
Overall, the evidence suggests that foraging behavior may undergo significant changes across the life span across internal and external search, and finds evidence of a trend toward reduced exploration with increased age.
Abstract
Does foraging change across the life span, and in particular, with aging? We report data from two foraging tasks used to investigate age differences in search in external environments as well as internal search in memory. Overall, the evidence suggests that foraging behavior may undergo significant changes across the life span across internal and external search. In particular, we find evidence of a trend towards reduced exploration with increased age. We discuss these findings in light of theories that postulate a link between aging and reductions in novelty seeking and exploratory behavior.

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Unpacking the exploration–exploitation tradeoff: A synthesis of human and animal literatures.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore how potential tradeoffs depend on the conceptualization of exploration and exploitation, the influencing environmental, social, and individual factors, the scale at which exploration and exploit are considered, the relationship and types of transitions between the two behaviors, and the goals of the decision maker.
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Frontiers in neuroscience

Daniel E. Koshland
- 04 Nov 1988 - 
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The Affective Neuroscience of Aging.

TL;DR: This review examines how age-related brain changes influence processes such as attending to and remembering emotional stimuli, regulating emotion, and recognizing emotional expressions, as well as empathy, risk taking, impulsivity, behavior change, and attentional focus.
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Learning about aposematic prey

TL;DR: The aim of the review is to promote the view that predators do not simply learn to avoid aposematic prey, but rather make adaptive decisions about both when to gather information about defended prey and when to include them in their diets.
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A Primer on Foraging and the Explore/Exploit Trade-Off for Psychiatry Research

TL;DR: The explore/exploit trade-off has been studied extensively in behavioral ecology and computational neuroscience, but is relatively new to the field of psychiatry as discussed by the authors, which can offer psychiatry research a new approach to studying motivation, outcome valuation, and effort-related processes which are disrupted in many mental and emotional disorders.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Patch leaving in humans: can a generalist adapt its rules to dispersal of items across patches?

TL;DR: The authors used a computer game to examine three aspects of patch-leaving decisions in humans: how well humans perform compared to the optimal policy, can they adjust their behaviour adaptively in response to different distributions of prey across patches and on what cues are their decisions based?
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Age Differences in Striatal Delay Sensitivity during Intertemporal Choice in Healthy Adults.

TL;DR: The observed transfer of function may be due to greater experience with delayed rewards as people age, and identifying differences in the neural systems underlying these decisions may contribute to a more comprehensive model of age-related change in intertemporal choice.
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Catecholamines and Cognitive Decline in Aged Nonhuman Primates

TL;DR: This chapter examines the role of catecholamine loss in the cognitive decline exhibited by aged nonhuman primates whose cognitive deficits resemble those associated with normal aging in humans.
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Good things come to those who wait: attenuated discounting of delayed rewards in aged Fischer 344 rats.

TL;DR: The data strongly suggest that, independent of life experience, there are underlying neurobiological factors that contribute to age-related changes in decision-making, and particularly the ability to delay gratification.
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Fishing for the Right Words: Decision Rules for Human Foraging Behavior in Internal Search Tasks

TL;DR: Here, subjects searched for meaningful words made from random letter sequences, and as their success rate declined, they could opt to switch to a fresh sequence, independent of whether sequences differed little or widely in quality.
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