Showing papers in "Neuropsychopharmacology in 2017"

TL;DR: The available data suggest that targeting inflammation may serve as a potential therapeutic target for treating fear- and anxiety-based disorders in the future, but the field must continue to characterize the specific role pro-inflammatory signaling in the maintenance of these unique psychiatric conditions.

TL;DR: A deeper understanding of the interaction between both maternal and child immune systems, and the role they have in diagnosis and treatment is required.

TL;DR: In this circumspective piece, RLC-H and GMG share their opinions on the promises and pitfalls of renewed psychedelic research, with a focus on the development of psilocybin as a treatment for depression.

TL;DR: A combination of failed clearance and exaggerated release of glutamate by glial cells during immune activation leads to glutamate increases and promotes aberrant extrasynaptic signaling through ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors, ultimately resulting in synaptic dysfunction and loss.

TL;DR: Interactions between sleep and inflammatory biology mechanisms underscore the implications of sleep disturbance for inflammatory disease risk, and provide a map to guide the development of treatments that modulate inflammation, improve sleep, and promote sleep health.

TL;DR: The impact of administration of inflammatory stimuli on the brain in relation to motivation and motor function is highlighted and evidence suggests that inflammation may decrease DA synthesis and availability, thus circumventing the efficacy of standard pharmacotherapies.

TL;DR: The characteristics of neuroinflammatory signaling and microglial sensitization in aging, its implications in psychological stress, and interventions that reverse aging-associated deficits are delved into.

TL;DR: The mechanisms by which peripheral and central immune cells act on the brain to affect stress-related neurobiological and neuroendocrine responses are discussed, including the roles of pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling, peripheral monocyte infiltration, microglial activation, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity in stress vulnerability.

TL;DR: The extent of the functional dysconnectivity identified in MDD and the swift and robust normalization following treatment suggest that GBCr may serve as a treatment response biomarker for the development of rapid acting antidepressants.

TL;DR: Evidence thatinflammatory processes regulate social behavior, leading to characteristic changes that may help an individual navigate the social environment during times of sickness, and the implications of the co-regulation of inflammation and social behavior are discussed.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the psychoneuroimmunology of early-life stress can offer an innovative framework to understand and treat psychopathology linked to childhood trauma, and new strategies to remediate the effect of childhood trauma before the onset of clinical symptoms are suggested.

TL;DR: Stress-induced bidirectional communication pathways between the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral immune system that converge to promote a heightened neuroinflammatory environment are focused on.

TL;DR: This review will outline the glial and neuroimmune mechanisms that may contribute to drug-abuse liability, exploring evidence from opioids, alcohol, and psychostimulants.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that PPU may represent a behavioral addiction and that interventions helpful in targeting behavioral and substance addictions warrant consideration for adaptation and use in helping men with PPU.

TL;DR: Pre-clinical studies provide robust evidence of the opioid-sparing effect of cannabinoids, whereas one of the nine clinical studies identified provided very-low-quality evidence of such an effect.

TL;DR: There is now a large volume of evidence to support the view that the immune system is a key communication pathway between the gut and brain, which plays an important role in stress-related psychopathologies and thus provides a potentially fruitful target for psychotropic intervention.

TL;DR: Evidence is found that common genetic variants and gene-expression pathways are involved in both immune activation and depression, and that some of the most robust findings have been obtained in patients developing depression in the context of treatment with interferon-alpha.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that the vHPC houses discrete populations of cells that either promote or suppress anxiety through differences in their projection targets, and that LS- and mPFC-projecting cells represent two largely anatomically distinct cell groups.

TL;DR: By understanding these inflammatory signaling processes, new approaches for quieting chronic or inappropriate inflammatory states may be revealed and this could serve as novel pharmacological targets for the treatment of mood disorders.

TL;DR: This review will provide a brief description of suicidality, summarize studies of inflammation in the etiology of suicide, and provide a neurobiological basis for different mechanisms by which inflammation might contribute to the pathophysiology.

TL;DR: Sex differences in context fear generalization and its neural correlates are examined, finding that males showed stronger cFos activity in dorsal hippocampus during memory retrieval and context generalization, whereas females showed preferential recruitment of basal amygdala.

TL;DR: Potential contribution of miR-124-3p in the pathophysiology of MDD is demonstrated and it is suggested that this miRNA may serve as a novel target for drug development and a biomarker for MDD pathogenesis.

TL;DR: This is the first report to the authors' knowledge to demonstrate the dose-related efficacy of R/S-ketamine for treatment-resistant depression and the first to characterize ketamine effects in a genotyped Chinese population in which most patients possessed at least one copy of the lower functioning Met allele of the BDNF gene.

TL;DR: The results show the importance of FTO during memory formation and implicate mRNA modification and epi-transcriptomics as novel regulators of memory formation, and implicates CRISPR/Cas9 or shRNA targeted against Fto.

TL;DR: All modern clinical studies using the classic hallucinogen lysergic acid diethylamide in healthy subjects or patients in the last 25 years are reviewed herein and should contribute to further investigations of the therapeutic potential of LSD in psychiatry.

TL;DR: The findings on immune dysfunction in schizophrenia are summarized, a potential mechanistic framework toward increased understanding of a potential schizophrenia immunophenotype is discussed, and suggestions for the future research agenda are discussed.

TL;DR: The data suggest that SICI and ICF can be recorded using TMS–EEG in DLPFC providing noninvasive measures of glutamatergic and GABAA receptor-mediated neurotransmission, which may facilitate future research attempting to ascertain the role of these neurotransmitters in the pathophysiology and treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated arbaclofen in a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study of 150 participants, aged 5-21 years, with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and found no difference from placebo on the primary outcome measure, the parent-rated Aberrant Behavior Checklist Social Withdrawal/Lethargy subscale.

TL;DR: The results show that incubation of methamphetamine craving after voluntary abstinence generalizes to female rats, and prolonged voluntary abstinence prevented the emergence of incubating of heroin craving in both sexes.

TL;DR: This review examines the extant literature on the efficacy of anti-inflammatory treatments, while forging guidelines for future intelligent clinical trial design and an examination of the most promising therapeutic strategies is provided.