Journal ArticleDOI
Free radicals and antioxidants: updating a personal view.
TLDR
This article looks back to the antioxidant/free radical field in 1994 and discusses how it has progressed in the past 18 years and suggests that increasing endogenous antioxidant levels (e.g., by supplying "pro-oxidants") may be a better approach to therapeutics and disease prevention than consuming large doses of "dietary antioxidants."Abstract:
This article looks back to the antioxidant/free radical field in 1994 and discusses how it has progressed in the past 18 years. In some areas, there has been little change: the role of oxygen radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the origin or progression of most human diseases remains uncertain, with cancer and neurodegenerative disease being likely exceptions. Even in diseases in which ROS are involved there has been little progress in developing effective antioxidant treatments. Mega-doses of dietary antioxidants have also generally failed to prevent human disease, in part because they do not decrease oxidative damage in vivo (as revealed by robust biomarkers). However, some strategies that are known to delay disease onset may act, at least in part, by decreasing oxidative damage levels. Nevertheless, far more is known today about endogenous antioxidant defenses and how they are regulated, which has led to a deeper understanding of how some ROS can act as signaling molecules. Increasing endogenous antioxidant levels (e.g., by supplying “pro-oxidants”) may be a better approach to therapeutics and disease prevention than consuming large doses of “dietary antioxidants.”read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Activation of Apoptosis Signalling Pathways by Reactive Oxygen Species
TL;DR: ROS play a central role in cell signalling as well as in regulation of the main pathways of apoptosis mediated by mitochondria, death receptors and the endoplasmic reticulum, and current understanding of the role of ROS in each of these three main pathways is focused on.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dietary polyphenols, oxidative stress and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects
Hua Zhang,Rong Tsao +1 more
TL;DR: A review on the chemistry and biochemistry of dietary polyphenols, their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and the underlying molecular mechanisms of their involvement in inflammation mediated metabolic diseases are also discussed in this article.
Journal ArticleDOI
ROS, Cell Senescence, and Novel Molecular Mechanisms in Aging and Age-Related Diseases.
TL;DR: Observations on ROS ability of inducing cell senescence through novel mechanisms that underpin aging processes are reviewed, with the aim to individuate specific pathways, which might promote healthy lifespan and improve aging.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reactive oxygen species and the free radical theory of aging.
TL;DR: It is recalled that many of the effects of ROS that are interpreted as beneficial may actually represent adaptations to toxicity and that some of the most extravagant recent claims may be due to misinterpretation, oversimplification, and ignoring the wealth of knowledge supporting the traditional view.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases: Still a Therapeutic Target?
Thomas Senoner,Wolfgang Dichtl +1 more
TL;DR: This review aims at giving an introduction into oxidative stress in CVD, with special focus on endothelial dysfunction, and then examining in detail the role of oxidative Stress in the most prevalent of these diseases.
References
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Book
Free radicals in biology and medicine
TL;DR: 1. Oxygen is a toxic gas - an introduction to oxygen toxicity and reactive species, and the chemistry of free radicals and related 'reactive species'
Journal ArticleDOI
Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay.
Roberta Re,Nicoletta Pellegrini,Anna R. Proteggente,Ananth S. Pannala,Min Yang,Catherine Rice-Evans +5 more
TL;DR: A method for the screening of antioxidant activity is reported as a decolorization assay applicable to both lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidants, including flavonoids, hydroxycinnamates, carotenoids, and plasma antioxidants.
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Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite: implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide.
TL;DR: It is proposed that superoxide dismutase may protect vascular tissue stimulated to produce superoxide and NO under pathological conditions by preventing the formation of peroxynitrite.
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Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrite in Health and Disease
TL;DR: Current evidence indicates that most of the cytotoxicity attributed to NO is rather due to peroxynitrite, produced from the diffusion-controlled reaction between NO and another free radical, the superoxide anion, which is presented in detail in this review.