Journal ArticleDOI
Gender, Sex Hormones, and Vascular Tone
Julia M. Orshal,Raouf A. Khalil +1 more
TLDR
The sex hormone-induced stimulation of the endothelium-dependent mechanisms of vascular relaxation and inhibition of the mechanisms ofascular smooth muscle contraction may contribute to the gender differences in vascular tone and may represent potential beneficial vascular effects of hormone replacement therapy during natural and surgically induced deficiencies of gonadal hormones.Abstract:
The greater incidence of hypertension and coronary artery disease in men and postmenopausal women compared with premenopausal women has been related, in part, to gender differences in vascular tone and possible vascular protective effects of the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone. However, vascular effects of the male sex hormone testosterone have also been suggested. Estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone receptors have been identified in blood vessels of human and other mammals and have been localized in the plasmalemma, cytosol, and nuclear compartments of various vascular cells, including the endothelium and the smooth muscle. The interaction of sex hormones with cytosolic/nuclear receptors triggers long-term genomic effects that could stimulate endothelial cell growth while inhibiting smooth muscle proliferation. Activation of plasmalemmal sex hormone receptors may trigger acute nongenomic responses that could stimulate endothelium-dependent mechanisms of vascular relaxation such as the nitric oxide-cGMP, prostacyclin-cAMP, and hyperpolarization pathways. Additional endothelium-independent effects of sex hormones may involve inhibition of the signaling mechanisms of vascular smooth muscle contraction such as intracellular Ca2+ concentration and protein kinase C. The sex hormone-induced stimulation of the endothelium-dependent mechanisms of vascular relaxation and inhibition of the mechanisms of vascular smooth muscle contraction may contribute to the gender differences in vascular tone and may represent potential beneficial vascular effects of hormone replacement therapy during natural and surgically induced deficiencies of gonadal hormones.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Japanese Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of hypertension (JSH 2014)
Kazuaki Shimamoto,Katsuyuki Ando,Toshiro Fujita,Naoyuki Hasebe,Jitsuo Higaki,Masatsugu Horiuchi,Yutaka Imai,Tsutomu Imaizumi,Toshihiko Ishimitsu,Masaaki Ito,Sadayoshi Ito,Hiroshi Itoh,Hiroshi Iwao,Hisashi Kai,Kazuomi Kario,Naok Kashihara,Yuhei Kawano,Shokei Kim-Mitsuyama,Genjiro Kimura,Katsuhiko Kohara,Issei Komuro,Hiroo Kumagai,Hideo Matsuura,Katsuyuki Miura,Ryuichi Morishita,Mitsuhide Naruse,Koichi Node,Yusuke Ohya,Hiromi Rakugi,Ikuo Saito,Shigeyuki Saitoh,Kazuyuki Shimada,Tatsuo Shimosawa,Hiromichi Suzuki,Kouichi Tamura,Norio Tanahashi,Takuya Tsuchihashi,Makoto Uchiyama,Shinichiro Ueda,Satoshi Umemura +39 more
TL;DR: Kazuaki SHIMAMOTO, Katsuyuki ANDO, Toshiro FUJITA, Naoyuki HASEBE, Jitsuo HIGAKI, Masatsugu HORIUCHI, Yutaka IMAI, Tsutomu IMAIZUMI, Toshihiko ISHIMITSU, Masaaki ITO, Sadayoshi ITO and Hiroshi ITOH are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sex hormones and the immune response in humans
TL;DR: The most intriguing effects and mechanisms by which sex hormones affect different components of the immune system in humans are focused on.
ACCF/AHA Expert Consensus Document ACCF/AHA 2011 Expert Consensus Document on Hypertension in the Elderly A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents
Wilbert S. Aronow,Jerome L. Fleg,Carl J. Pepine,Nancy T. Artinian,George Bakris,Alan S. Brown,Keith C. Ferdinand,Mary Ann Forciea,William H. Frishman,Cheryl Jaigobin,John B. Kostis,Giuseppi Mancia,Suzanne Oparil,Eduardo Ortiz,Efrain Reisin,Michael W. Rich,Douglas D. Schocken,Michael A. Weber,Deborah J. Wesley,Robert A. Harrington,Eric R. Bates,Deepak L. Bhatt,Charles R. Bridges,Mark J. Eisenberg,Victor A. Ferrari,John D. Fisher,Timothy J. Gardner,Federico Gentile,Michael F. Gilson,Mark A. Hlatky,Alice K. Jacobs,Sanjay Kaul,David J. Moliterno,Debabrata Mukherjee,Robert Rosenson,James H. Stein,Howard H. Weitz +36 more
TL;DR: The reader should view the expert consensus document as the best attempt of the ACCF and document cosponsors to inform and guide clinical practice in areas where rigorous evidence may not yet be available or evidence to date is not widely applied to clinical practice.
Journal ArticleDOI
ACCF/AHA 2011 expert consensus document on hypertension in the elderly: A report of the american college of cardiology foundation task force on clinical expert consensus documents
Wilbert S. Aronow,Jerome J Fleg,Carl J. Pepine,Nancy T. Artinian,George L. Bakris,Alan S. Brown,Keith C. Ferdinand,Mary Ann Forciea,William H. Frishman,Cheryl Jaigobin,John B Kostis,Giuseppi Mancia,Suzanne Oparil,Eduardo Ortiz,Efrain Reisin,Michael W. Rich,Douglas D. Schocken,Michael Weber,Deborah J. Wesley +18 more
TL;DR: The ACCF/AHA Expert Consensus Document as discussed by the authors was developed as an expert consensus document by the American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF) and the American Heart Association (AHA), in collaboration with the American Academy of Neurology (AAN), AAN, the American Physicians Association (ACP), American Geriatrics Society (AGS), the American Society of Hypertension (ASH), the ASCN), ASCN, ASCP, American Society for Preventive Cardiology (ASPC), the Association of Black Cardiologists (ABC), and the European
Journal ArticleDOI
Hypertension Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System Alterations
TL;DR: Animal studies support the existence of protective aminopeptidase A-Ang III-Ang II type 2 receptor and ACE2-Ang-(1 to 7)-Mas receptor arms, paving the way for multiple new treatment options for resistant hypertension.
References
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Book
Hypertension : pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management
John H. Laragh,Barry M. Brenner +1 more
TL;DR: This book discusses Hypertension: Definitions, Natural Histories, and Consequences, and the role of Dietary Protein in Hypertensive Disease: The Japanese Experience: Clinical Implications, which focused on the case of Yukio Yamori.
Journal ArticleDOI
Postmenopausal Estrogen and Progestin Use and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Francine Grodstein,Meir J. Stampfer,JoAnn E. Manson,Graham A. Colditz,Walter C. Willett,Bernard Rosner,Frank E. Speizer,Charles H. Hennekens +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relation between cardiovascular disease and postmenopausal hormone therapy during up to 16 years of follow-up in 59,337 women from the Nurses' Health Study, who were 30 to 55 years of age at base line.
Journal ArticleDOI
Signal transduction by G‐proteins, Rho‐kinase and protein phosphatase to smooth muscle and non‐muscle myosin II
Andrew P. Somlyo,Avril V. Somlyo +1 more
TL;DR: Ca2+ sensitization by the Rho/Rho‐kinase pathway contributes to the tonic phase of agonist‐induced contraction in smooth muscle, and abnormally increased activation of myosin II by this mechanism is thought to play a role in diseases such as high blood pressure and cancer cell metastasis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gender Differences in the Regulation of Blood Pressure
TL;DR: Findings in animal studies show that there is a blunting of the pressure-natriuresis relationship in male spontaneously hypertensive rats and in ovariectomized female spontaneously hypertension rats treated chronically with testosterone, suggesting that the loss of estrogens may be the only component involved in the higher blood pressure in women after menopause.
Journal ArticleDOI
Signaling mechanisms underlying the vascular myogenic response
Michael J. Davis,Michael A. Hill +1 more
TL;DR: The purpose of this review is to summarize and synthesize information regarding the cellular mechanism(s) underlying the myogenic response in blood vessels, with particular emphasis on arterioles.