Harnessing genomic information for livestock improvement
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Citations
A High-Resolution Map of Human Evolutionary Constraint Using 29 Mammals
Molecular dissection of a quantitative trait locus: a phenylalanine-to-tyrosine substitution in the transmembrane domain of the bovine growth hormone receptor is associated with a major effect on milk yield and composition.
Harnessing genomics to fast-track genetic improvement in aquaculture.
A 660-Kb Deletion with Antagonistic Effects on Fertility and Milk Production Segregates at High Frequency in Nordic Red Cattle: Additional Evidence for the Common Occurrence of Balancing Selection in Livestock
Enhancing Genetic Gain through Genomic Selection: From Livestock to Plants.
References
Pathway deregulation and expression QTLs in response to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection in swine
Combination of the somatic cell nuclear transfer method and RNAi technology for the production of a prion gene-knockdown calf using plasmid vectors harboring the U6 or tRNA promoter.
Quantitative Trait Locus and Genetical Genomics Analysis Identifies Putatively Causal Genes for Fecundity and Brooding in the Chicken.
Genomic prediction and genome-wide association analysis of female longevity in a composite beef cattle breed.
Transgenic Animals in Agriculture
Related Papers (5)
Prediction of Total Genetic Value Using Genome-Wide Dense Marker Maps
Frequently Asked Questions (14)
Q2. What is the way to edit the genome of a sire?
Before dissemination, the sire’s genome would be edited for a number of causative variants to render them homozygous for the favourable allele.
Q3. How do DNMs with large effects on the selected traits be detected?
DNMs with large effects on the selected traits sequentially undergo hard sweeps, causing large effects detectable by GWAS until the corresponding variants reach fixation126.
Q4. How many SNPs are needed to genotype the milk of a cow?
The number of SNPs needed to achieve adequate accuracy depends on the number of cows on the farm: tens of thousands of SNPs are sufficient for farms with tens of cows, but hundreds of thousands of SNPs are needed for farms with several hundred cows.
Q5. What is the way to compensate for the fact that causative SNPs are?
One way to compensate for the fact that most causative SNPs are not directly interrogated on the arrays is to impute full sequence information on genotyped animals.
Q6. What was the first step in the development of somatic cell nuclear transfer?
The inability to derive embryonic stem cells prevented homologous recombination- based techniques until the development of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)171, which enabled refined gene replacement by homologous recombination in cultured fetal fibroblasts followed by nuclear transfer to enucleated oocytes.
Q7. How can the authors predict the effects of a magnitude that is virtually impossible under this model?
effects of a magnitude that is virtually impossible under this model have been identified and with GBLUP, their effects will be over- conservatively regressed downwards in genomic predictions.
Q8. What are the main applications of genome editing in livestock?
Thus far, efforts in editing the genome of livestock have mostly concentrated on largely uncontroversial human health applications, such as generating animal models of human genetic diseases, producing biopharmaceuticals and xenotransplantation.
Q9. What is the convincing evidence that the remainder of the heritability is highly polygenic?
The most convincing evidence indicates that the remainder of the heritability is highly polygenic, corresponding to hundreds if not thousands of genetic variants that each has a very small effect on the trait of interest89.
Q10. What are some examples of major gene effects segregating within breeds?
Examples of such major gene effects segregating within breeds include, among others, variants in MSTN in cattle112–115 and sheep67 and RYR1, PRKAG3 and IGF2 in pig116–118, which all affect muscularity; DGAT1, GHR and ABCG2, which affect milk yield and composition in cattle119–121; and PLAG1, HMGA2 and LCORL, which affect stature in cattle122,123.
Q11. What are some examples of a ryr1 variant in pigs that causes ?
Classic examples include a RYR1 variant in pigs that increases carcass yield in heterozygotes but causes porcine stress syndrome and related syndromes in homozygotes112 and bovine MSTN LoF variants that increase muscle mass in heterozygotes but cause birthing difficulties for mothers of homozygous calves.
Q12. How long did PT take to expose differences in the BVs?
Before GS, candidate elite dairy sires that had identical EBVs based on pedigree information (for instance, because they were full- sibs) required expensive and time- consuming PT to expose differences in the BVs: their individual EBVs were estimated from the performances of tens to hundreds (depending on the country) of daughters, and PT took at least 5 years at a cost of ~US$50,000 per bull10.
Q13. How many elements overlap potential promoters, enhancers and insulators?
Nearly 1 million evolutionarily constrained elements that overlap potential promoters, enhancers and insulators have been identified24.
Q14. What can be done to help identify the target genes whose expression is perturbed by these?
eQTL information can certainly help to identify the target genes whose expression is perturbed by these regulatory variants41,42,155.