Journal ArticleDOI
High abundance of viruses found in aquatic environments.
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Using a new method for quantitative enumeration, up to 2.5 x IO8 virus particles per millilitre in natural waters indicate that virus infection may be an important factor in the ecological control of planktonic micro-organisms.Abstract:
The concentration of bacteriophages in natural unpolluted waters is in general believed to be low, and they have therefore been considered ecologically unimportant. Using a new method for quantitative enumeration, we have found up to 2.5 x 10(8) virus particles per millilitre in natural waters. These concentrations indicate that virus infection may be an important factor in the ecological control of planktonic micro-organisms, and that viruses might mediate genetic exchange among bacteria in natural aquatic environments.read more
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Global distribution of nearly identical phage-encoded DNA sequences
TL;DR: It is reported that T7-like Podophage DNA polymerase sequences occur in every major biome investigated, including marine, freshwater, sediment, terrestrial, extreme, and metazoan-associated, suggesting that these phages are moving between biomes in recent evolutionary time and that the global genomic pool for T6-like phages may be smaller than previously hypothesized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Large variabilities in host strain susceptibility and phage host range govern interactions between lytic marine phages and their Flavobacterium hosts.
TL;DR: The data indicate that marine bacterioplankton are susceptible to multiple co-occurring phages and that sensitivity towards phage infection is strain specific and exists as a continuum between highly sensitive and resistant, implying an extremely complex web of phage-host interactions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genetic diversity of marine Synechococcus and co-occurring cyanophage communities: evidence for viral control of phytoplankton
Martin Mühling,Martin Mühling,Nicholas J. Fuller,Andrew D. Millard,Paul J. Somerfield,Dominique Marie,William H. Wilson,David J. Scanlan,Anton F. Post,Ian Joint,Nicholas H. Mann +10 more
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that supports the hypothesis that virus infection can play an important role in determining the success of different Synechococcus genotypes and hence of seasonal succession and multivariate statistical analyses show a significant relationship between cyanophage assemblage structure and that of SyneChococcus.
Journal ArticleDOI
A virocentric perspective on the evolution of life
TL;DR: Together with the fundamental inevitability of the emergence of genomic parasites in any evolving replicator system, these multiple lines of evidence reveal the central role of viruses in the entire evolution of life.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ecology of viruses in soils: Past, present and future perspectives
TL;DR: Past research on viruses in soils is summarized after the introduction of the ecological traits of viruses, which are the effects of viruses on beneficial bacteria and soil-borne plant pathogens, adsorption of viruses to soils, and soil factors affecting viral inactivation and survival in soils.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Minimum bacterial density for bacteriophage replication: implications for significance of bacteriophages in natural ecosystems.
B A Wiggins,M Alexander +1 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that bacteriophages do not affect the number or activity of bacteria in environments where the density of the host species is below the host cell threshold of about 10(4) CFU/ml.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rate of bacterial mortality in aquatic environments
TL;DR: Results obtained from river water, estuarine water, and seawater show overall bacterial mortality rates in the range 0.010 to 0.030 h, in good agreement with the range of growth rates measured in the same environments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Do bacteria-sized marine eukaryotes consume significant bacterial production?
Jed A. Fuhrman,George B. McManus +1 more
TL;DR: Evidence is presented that previously uncharacterized, small eukaryotes that are able to pass even 0.6-micrometer filters may be responsible for a large fraction of the total grazing in coastal waters.