High rates of comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders among women with premutation of the FMR1 gene
Heather A. Kenna,Molly Tartter,Scott S. Hall,Amy A. Lightbody,Quynh Nguyen,C. Paula de los Angeles,Allan L. Reiss,Natalie L. Rasgon +7 more
TLDR
Assessment of reproductive and menstrual history in women with FMR1 premutation showed a significantly earlier age of menopause and a high rate of lifetime depressive or anxiety history, and significantly longer premutation length was observed among women with psychiatric history.Abstract:
Phenotypic variations are emerging from investigations of carriers of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) premutation gene (55 to 200 CGG repeats). Initial studies suggest elevated psychiatric and reproductive system dysfunction, but have largely used self-reports for assessment of psychiatric history. The present study used diagnostic psychiatric interviews and assessed reproductive and menstrual history in women with FMR1 premutation. History of psychiatric diagnoses and data on reproductive functioning were collected in 46 women with FMR1 premutation who were mothers of at least one child with the fragile X full mutation. Results showed a significantly earlier age of menopause (mean age = 45.6 years) relative to the national average age of menopause (mean age = 51 years) and a high rate (76%) of lifetime depressive or anxiety history, with 43% of the overall sample reporting a comorbid history of both diagnoses. Compared to those free of psychiatric history, significantly longer premutation length was observed among women with psychiatric history after adjusting for age, with comorbid women having the highest number of CGG repeats (mean = 95.8) compared to women free of psychiatric history (mean = 79.9). Psychiatric history did not appear significantly related to reproductive system dysfunction, though results may have been obscured by the high rates of psychiatric dysfunction in the sample. These data add to the growing evidence base that women with the FMR1 premutation have an increased risk of psychiatric illness and risk for early menopause. Future investigations may benefit from inclusion of biochemical reproductive markers and longitudinal assessment of psychiatric and reproductive functioning. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.read more
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Fragile X spectrum disorders.
TL;DR: The term "Fragile X Spectrum Disorder" (FXSD) should be used to include the wide range of overlapping phenotypes observed in affected individuals with FMR1 mutations to focus on the phenotypes and genotypes of children with FXSD.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fragile X-Associated Neuropsychiatric Disorders (FXAND).
Randi J Hagerman,Dragana Protic,Dragana Protic,Akash Rajaratnam,Akash Rajaratnam,Maria Jimena Salcedo-Arellano,Elber Yuksel Aydin,Elber Yuksel Aydin,Andrea Schneider +8 more
TL;DR: The name Fragile X-associated Neuropsychiatric Disorders (FXAND) is proposed in an effort to promote research and the use of fragile X DNA testing to enhance recognition and treatment for these disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
The cognitive neuropsychological phenotype of carriers of the FMR1 premutation
Jim Grigsby,Kim Cornish,Darren R. Hocking,Claudine Kraan,John M Olichney,Susan M. Rivera,Andrea Schneider,Stephanie L. Sherman,Jun Yi Wang,Jin Chen Yang +9 more
TL;DR: The cognitive neuropsychological and neurophysiological phenotype for males and females with FXTAS, and for male and female unaffected carriers, is addressed, and the data suggest that only a subset of unaffected carriers of the premutation demonstrate deficits, which typically are mild.
Journal ArticleDOI
Trajectory and Predictors of Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Mothers With the FMR1 Premutation.
Jane E. Roberts,Bridgette L. Tonnsen,Lindsay M. McCary,Amy L. Ford,Robert N. Golden,Donald B. Bailey +5 more
TL;DR: Increased prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders over time is found, with adverse outcomes predicted by complex interactions among biological, behavioral, and environmental risk factors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lifelong estradiol exposure and risk of depressive symptoms during the transition to menopause and postmenopause.
Wendy K. Marsh,Joyce T. Bromberger,Sybil L. Crawford,Katherine Leung,Howard M. Kravitz,John F. Randolph,Hadine Joffe,Claudio N. Soares +7 more
TL;DR: Patterns of reproductive lifetime exposure to estrogen are associated with risk of high depressive symptoms during the menopausal transition and initial postmenopausal years; longer Exposure to estrogen seemed protective.
References
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